Differential antibody dynamics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Chen, Y.; Tong, P.; Whiteman, N. B.; Moghaddam, A. S.; Zuiani, A.; Habibi, S.; Gautam, A.; Xiao, T.; Cai, Y.; Chen, B.; Wesemann, D. R.

doi:10.1101/2021.09.09.459504

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.09.09.459504

Differential antibody dynamics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Chen, Y.·Tong, P.·Whiteman, N. B.·Moghaddam, A. S.·Zuiani, A.·Habibi, S.·Gautam, A.·Xiao, T.·Cai, Y.·Chen, B.·Wesemann, D. R.

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Abstract

Optimal immune responses furnish long-lasting (durable) antibodies protective across dynamically mutating viral variants (broad). To assess robustness of mRNA vaccine-induced immunity, we compared antibody durability and breadth after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. While vaccination delivered robust initial virus-specific antibodies with some cross-variant coverage, pre-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced antibodies, while modest in magnitude, showed highly stable long-term antibody dynamics. Vaccination after infection induced maximal antibody magnitudes with enhanced longitudinal stability while infection-naive vaccinee antibodies fell with time to post-infection-alone levels. The composition of antibody neutralizing activity to variant relative to original virus also differed between groups, with infection-induced antibodies demonstrating greater relative breadth. Differential antibody durability trajectories favored COVID-19-recovered subjects with dual memory B cell features of greater early antibody somatic mutation and cross-coronavirus reactivity. By illuminating an infection-mediated antibody breadth advantage and an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody durability-enhancing function conferred by recalled immunity, these findings may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy improvement.

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Chen, Y., Tong, P., Whiteman, N. B., Moghaddam, A. S., Zuiani, A., Habibi, S., Gautam, A., Xiao, T., Cai, Y., Chen, B., Wesemann, D. R.. 2021-09-10. Differential antibody dynamics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.09.459504

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