The interactome of the receptor kinase THESEUS1 reveals how cell wall integrity is linked to hormone signalling in Arabidopsis

Abstract

The receptor kinase THESEUS1 (THE1) activates responses to impairment of cell wall integrity (CWI). However, the interaction partners enabling THE1 to mediate the responses remain underexplored, impeding a mechanistic understanding of THE1. We produced a set of THE1 GFP fusion constructs in which THE1 is either wild type, mutated in its kinase domain, has a loss of function mutation in its ectodomain, or lacks the kinase or extracellular domain. We used these constructs to perform localization studies and immunoprecipitation liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry under control and stress conditions (isoxaben induced cell wall damage and sorbitol induced hyperosmotic stress) to identify the THE1 interactome. The interactome of THE1 changed in a context dependent manner, linking THE1 to known signaling components in CWI maintenance and phytohormone response (such as proton pumps, calcium pumps, other receptor kinases or cellulose synthesis regulators). Moreover, we identified novel interactors, associating THE1 with hitherto unexplored signaling pathways in response to CWI impairment. Our results also suggest that the THE1G37D protein (corresponding to the the1 1 allele) is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, explaining its loss of function phenotype. The THE1 interactome and localization data provide the foundation to build a mechanistic understanding of THE1 mediated CWI maintenance.