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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.09.02.748801

Modelling and measuring effects of shear stress in extrusion bioprinting of endothelial- epithelial cell co-cultures

Davern, J. W.·Weekes, A.·Amaya Catano, J.·Meinert, C.·Bray, L.·Klein, T. J.
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Abstract

Extrusion-based bioprinting enables the development of tissue-like constructs; however, the impact of printing-associated shear stress on cell viability and function remains a critical consideration. To address this, we developed a comprehensive workflow combining rheological characterization, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling, and experimental validation to predict and assess shear stress effects during bioprinting. The rheological properties of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) at 5 % (w/v, 20 {degrees}C) and 10 % (30 {degrees}C) concentrations were modelled, comparing various non-Newtonian regression models. CFD simulations were validated using micro-particle image velocimetry, showing agreement between predicted and measured velocities. The impact of bioprinting-associated shear stress on cell viability was assessed using a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and breast epithelial cells. Immediate post-printing analysis revealed increased apoptosis in GelMA 5 % (w/v, 20 {degrees}C), although 10 % (w/v) GelMA demonstrated higher shear stress levels compared to 5 % GelMA. After 1 day of culture in crosslinked hydrogels, apoptosis increased in extrusion pressure, demonstrating the impact of low levels of acute shear stress. This workflow provides a robust methodology for predicting acute shear stress impacts during bioprinting, laying the foundation for future optimization studies.

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Davern, J. W., Weekes, A., Amaya Catano, J., Meinert, C., Bray, L., Klein, T. J.. 2026-09-03. Modelling and measuring effects of shear stress in extrusion bioprinting of endothelial- epithelial cell co-cultures. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.02.748801

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