bioRxiv ScienceSearch

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.03.08.434423

Relative effects of edaphic conditions and climate on palm communities in the Central Andes

Abstract

Palms (family Arecaceae) are conspicuous and structural elements in forests ecosystems of tropical regions and mountain forests in South America. Additionally, many species of palms are culturally and economically important to human populations. Because of their ecological and ethnobotanical significance, understanding the drivers of palm distribution and diversity is critical. However, most past research has focused in tropical lowland palm communities, while our understanding of montane tropical palm ecology and biogeography is comparatively lacking. We investigate the environmental factors that influence patterns of richness, composition, and abundance of palms in the Central Andes. In particular, we are interested in the relative effects that soil edaphic conditions and climate have on palm community structure. For these analyses, we used a network of 88 forest plots distributed along a broad elevational gradient (1,000 - 3,200 meters), which are part of the Madidi Project in north-western Bolivia. We carried out palm community-level analysis, as well as species-specific analyses for each of the 16 most common species. We found that soils and climate contribute differentially to shaping Andean palm diversity and distributions. We found that soils explain more variation in species composition (14.4%) than climate (3.45%), but that climate explains more variation in species richness (13%) than soils (6.1%). Moreover, species-specific analyses reveal that there is great variation in how different common species respond to their abiotic environment. Our results contribute to understanding the drivers of biodiversity for a highly important group of plants in one of the most important hotspots for biodiversity. RESUMENEn el neotropico, las palmeras (Arecaceae) son un grupo diverso y abundante de plantas que constituyen elementos estructurales en bosques tropicales tanto de tierras bajas como de montana. Ademas, muchas especies de palmeras son culturalmente y economicamente importantes para muchas poblaciones humanas. Debido a su importancia ecologica y etnobotanica, entender los mecanismos que controlan la diversidad y la distribucion de las palmeras es extremadamente importante. Sin embargo, la mayoria de la investigacion hasta el momento se ha enfocado en comunidades de palmeras de tierras bajas, mientras que la ecologia y biogeografia de las palmeras de montanas es relativamente poco entendida. En este estudio, nosotros investigamos los factores ambientales que influencian la riqueza, composicion y abundancia de palmeras en los Andes Centrales. En particular, estamos interesados en entender los efectos relativos de las condiciones edaficas del suelo y el clima en la estructura de comunidades de palmeras. Para nuestros analisis, usamos una red de 88 parcelas de arboles distribuidas a lo largo de un gradiente elevacional (1,000 - 3,200 metros), la misma que es parte del Proyecto Madidi en Bolivia. Encontramos que el suelo y el clima tienen efectos diferentes. El suelo explica mas variacion en la composicion de especies (14.4%) que el clima (3.45%), pero el clima explica mas variacion en la riqueza de especies (13%) que los suelos (6.1%). Ademas, analisis independientes para las 16 especies mas comunes demuestran gran variacion en como cada especie responde a las condiciones ambientales. Nuestros resultados contribuyen a entender los factores que controlan la diversidad de un grupo importante de plantas en una de las regiones mas diversas del planeta.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Montoya, F., Moraes-R., M., Fuentes, A. F., Cayola, L., Antezana, A., Miranda, T., Mosqueira-Meneses, E., Loza, M. I., Tello, J. S.. 2021-03-09. Relative effects of edaphic conditions and climate on palm communities in the Central Andes. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.08.434423

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

Beyond Single-Metric Assessments: Uncovering Masked Butterfly Declines via Multi-Scalar Analysis in Central Alberta

1. This study analyzed 21 years (2000-2025) of butterfly count data from Central Alberta, integrated with intensive 5-year (2021-2025) high-resolution intra-seasonal sampling. 2. Long-term macro-scale analysis revealed a significant decline in Shannon Diversity, a change that remained obscured when relying solely on traditional metrics of species richness and evenness. 3. This diversity decline was primarily driven by the severe, long-term collapse of the native Common Ringlet (Coenonympha tullia). 4. Four other dominant species--Cabbage White (Pieris rapae), Clouded Sulphur (Colias eriphyle), European Skipper (Thymelicus lineola), and Common Wood Nymph (Cercyonis pegala)--maintained long-term population stability, though their abundances were significantly constrained by extreme winter minimum temperatures and rapid spring warming. 5. High-resolution intra-seasonal analysis (2021-2025) demonstrated that community indices and species-specific abundances were strongly limited by daily weather, particularly wind velocity and temperature. 6. These findings illustrate that while traditional metrics like richness and evenness are fundamental to community ecology, they provide incomplete insights when applied in isolation; they are most effective when utilized as part of a complementary, multi-scalar framework. 7. This study highlights the necessity of coupling multi-decadal historical datasets with high-frequency, fine-scale sampling to accurately identify the mechanisms of community turnover that simpler metrics may overlook. 8. The results underscore the critical importance of standardized citizen science monitoring in quantifying environmental impacts and establishing conservation priorities for terrestrial insect groups.

ecology

From concentration to export: resource contrasts and bee traits shape pollinator spillover to crops

Floral plantings can either concentrate bees or export them to adjacent crops, yet the ecological conditions influencing these outcomes remain unclear. Here, we develop a mathematical model as proof of concept for our previous integrative hypothesis: concentrator and exporter outcomes can arise as alternative, context-dependent outcomes of the same underlying resource-selection process. Using bees as a model and focusing specifically on spillover from floral plantings to crops, we identified resource-specific thresholds separating concentration- and export-favoring conditions. Our model translates differences in relative patch attractiveness into context-dependent concentration and export outcomes and generates resource-specific, testable predictions about the conditions favoring pollinator movement into crops. In our simulations, the concentrator-exporter transition occurred at a lower flowering-intensity contrast than at pollen or nectar contrasts, which suggests that flowering intensity may provide an initial cue for bee movement, whereas nectar and pollen rewards refine or sustain bee responses once crops are perceived as attractive. Spillover thresholds differed among resource contrasts, whereas response steepness varied across bee-trait and community scenarios. Under the model's trait-sensitivity formulation, predicted spillover probability responded more strongly to flowering contrast for specialists than for generalists; colony size amplified this response, whereas bee richness dampened it. Together, these patterns show how flowering and resource contrasts interact with bee traits and community context to shape predicted spillover. Our results confirm that the concentrator and exporter hypotheses can be understood as context-dependent outcomes of the same ecological process rather than as mutually exclusive alternatives. Experimental tests of the predicted thresholds conducted in the field could reveal when and where floral plantings are most likely to promote bee spillover to crops, potentially supporting crop pollination.

ecology

A Computational Re-evaluation of Spatial Trials for Zoonotic Tuberculosis Control: Model Misspecification, Diagnostic Miss-classification, and the Illusion of Wildlife Culling Efficacy

1. Wildlife reservoir management frequently relies on the Randomised Badger Culling Trial's (RBCT) trade-off hypothesis, which posits that reductions in cattle herd infections are offset by a perturbation effect driven by disrupted host dispersal. This paper evaluates the computational and epidemiological robustness of this historical trial, which serves as the foundational empirical experiment guiding zoonotic tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) control policies. 2. Using generalized linear mixed models with a generalized Poisson error distribution to explicitly address historical data overdispersion, this study contrasts traditional parametric inference against exact cluster-constrained permutation tests across distinct operational definitions of disease incidence. 3. Non-parametric diagnostics reveal that previously reported treatment and perturbation effects render as statistical artifacts under exact non-parametric permutation. Inside culling zones, parametric significance fails to withstand exact permutation verification due to extreme data leverage in localized cluster blocks. 4. Crucially, when diagnostic misclassification biases are eliminated by analysing total reactor datasets, all apparent culling effects disappear, and information criteria overwhelmingly favour nested null architectures. Unconfirmed reactors likely represent true biological infections missed by low-sensitivity post-mortem macro-necropsy, proving that host removal tracks observation noise rather than genuine zoonotic transmission pathways. 5. Finally, empirical scaling conducted in this study identifies a novel mathematical saturation effect, demonstrating that this sub-linear scaling is an operational artifact of unmodelled herd-level disease recurrence over time. 6. Policy implications. Because current zoonotic tuberculosis intervention frameworks are built upon a structurally misspecified statistical model, they have driven large-scale veterinary policies resulting in substantial, unevidenced ecological and economic interventions while failing to provide genuine public health, animal health, or disease control benefits.

ecology