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Biology subjects

Fuentes, A. F.

Publications and source records attributed to Fuentes, A. F..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Relative effects of edaphic conditions and climate on palm communities in the Central Andes

Palms (family Arecaceae) are conspicuous and structural elements in forests ecosystems of tropical regions and mountain forests in South America. Additionally, many species of palms are culturally and economically important to human populations. Because of their ecological and ethnobotanical significance, understanding the drivers of palm distribution and diversity is critical. However, most past research has focused in tropical lowland palm communities, while our understanding of montane tropical palm ecology and biogeography is comparatively lacking. We investigate the environmental factors that influence patterns of richness, composition, and abundance of palms in the Central Andes. In particular, we are interested in the relative effects that soil edaphic conditions and climate have on palm community structure. For these analyses, we used a network of 88 forest plots distributed along a broad elevational gradient (1,000 - 3,200 meters), which are part of the Madidi Project in north-western Bolivia. We carried out palm community-level analysis, as well as species-specific analyses for each of the 16 most common species. We found that soils and climate contribute differentially to shaping Andean palm diversity and distributions. We found that soils explain more variation in species composition (14.4%) than climate (3.45%), but that climate explains more variation in species richness (13%) than soils (6.1%). Moreover, species-specific analyses reveal that there is great variation in how different common species respond to their abiotic environment. Our results contribute to understanding the drivers of biodiversity for a highly important group of plants in one of the most important hotspots for biodiversity. RESUMENEn el neotropico, las palmeras (Arecaceae) son un grupo diverso y abundante de plantas que constituyen elementos estructurales en bosques tropicales tanto de tierras bajas como de montana. Ademas, muchas especies de palmeras son culturalmente y economicamente importantes para muchas poblaciones humanas. Debido a su importancia ecologica y etnobotanica, entender los mecanismos que controlan la diversidad y la distribucion de las palmeras es extremadamente importante. Sin embargo, la mayoria de la investigacion hasta el momento se ha enfocado en comunidades de palmeras de tierras bajas, mientras que la ecologia y biogeografia de las palmeras de montanas es relativamente poco entendida. En este estudio, nosotros investigamos los factores ambientales que influencian la riqueza, composicion y abundancia de palmeras en los Andes Centrales. En particular, estamos interesados en entender los efectos relativos de las condiciones edaficas del suelo y el clima en la estructura de comunidades de palmeras. Para nuestros analisis, usamos una red de 88 parcelas de arboles distribuidas a lo largo de un gradiente elevacional (1,000 - 3,200 metros), la misma que es parte del Proyecto Madidi en Bolivia. Encontramos que el suelo y el clima tienen efectos diferentes. El suelo explica mas variacion en la composicion de especies (14.4%) que el clima (3.45%), pero el clima explica mas variacion en la riqueza de especies (13%) que los suelos (6.1%). Ademas, analisis independientes para las 16 especies mas comunes demuestran gran variacion en como cada especie responde a las condiciones ambientales. Nuestros resultados contribuyen a entender los factores que controlan la diversidad de un grupo importante de plantas en una de las regiones mas diversas del planeta.

ecology

The evolutionary assembly of forest communities along environmental gradients: recent diversification or sorting of pre-adapted clades?

O_LIBiogeographic events occurring in the deep past can contribute to the structure of modern ecological communities. However, little is known about how the emergence of environmental gradients shape the evolution of species that underlie community assembly. In this study, we address how the creation of novel environments lead to community assembly via two non-mutually exclusive processes: 1) the immigration and ecological sorting of pre-adapted clades (ISPC), and 2) recent adaptive diversification (RAD). We study these processes in the context of the elevational gradient created by the uplift of the Central Andes. C_LIO_LIWe develop a novel approach and method based on the decomposition of species turnover into within- and among-clade components, where clades correspond to lineages that originated before mountain uplift. Effects of ISPC and RAD can be inferred from how components of turnover change with elevation. We test our approach using data from over 500 Andean forest plots. C_LIO_LIWe found that species turnover between communities at different elevations is dominated by the replacement of clades that originated before the uplift of the Central Andes. C_LIO_LIOur results suggest that immigration and sorting of clades pre-adapted to montane habitats is the primary mechanism shaping communities across elevations. C_LI

ecology