Positional isomers of a non-nucleoside substrate differentially affect myosin function

Abstract

Molecular motors have evolved to transduce chemical energy from adenosine triphosphate into mechanical work to drive essential cellular processes, from muscle contraction to vesicular transport. Dysfunction of these motors is a root cause of many pathologies necessitating the need for intrinsic control over molecular motor function. Herein, we demonstrate that positional isomerism can be used as a simple and powerful tool to control the molecular motor of muscle, myosin. Using three isomers of a synthetic non-nucleoside triphosphate we demonstrate that myosins force and motion generating capacity can be dramatically altered at both the ensemble and single molecule levels. By correlating our experimental results with computation, we show that each isomer exerts intrinsic control by affecting distinct steps in myosins mechano-chemical cycle. Our studies demonstrate that subtle variations in the structure of an abiotic energy source can be used to control the force and motility of myosin without altering myosins structure. Statement of SignificanceMolecular motors transduce chemical energy from ATP into the mechanical work inside a cell, powering everything from muscle contraction to vesicular transport. While ATP is the preferred source of energy, there is growing interest in developing alternative sources of energy to gain control over molecular motors. We synthesized a series of synthetic compounds to serve as alternative energy sources for muscle myosin. Myosin was able to use this energy source to generate force and velocity. And by using different isomers of this compound we were able to modulate, and even inhibit, the activity of myosin. This suggests that changing the isomer of the substrate could provide a simple, yet powerful, approach to gain control over molecular motor function.