Biology subjects

Fiuza, U.-M.

Publications and source records attributed to Fiuza, U.-M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Nodal and Eph signalling relay drives the transition between apical constriction and apico-basal shortening during ascidian endoderm invagination

Gastrulation is the first major morphogenetic event during animal embryogenesis. Ascidian gastrulation starts with the invagination of 10 endodermal precursor cells between the 64- and late 112-cell stages. This process occurs in the absence of endodermal cell division and in two steps, driven by myosin-dependent contractions of the acto-myosin network. First, endoderm precursors constrict their apex. Second, they shorten apico-basally, while retaining small apical surfaces, thereby causing invagination. The mechanisms controlling the endoderm mitotic delay, the step 1 to step 2 transition, and apico-basal shortening have remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate the conserved role during invagination of Nodal and Eph signalling in two distantly related ascidian species (Phallusia mammillata and Ciona intestinalis). We show that the transition to step 2 is controlled by Nodal relayed by Eph signalling and that Eph signalling has a Nodal-independent role in mitotic delay. Interestingly, both Nodal and Eph signals are dispensable for endodermal germ layer fate specification. Summary statementIdentification of a regulatory developmental signalling sub-network driving endoderm cell shape changes during ascidian endoderm invagination, not involved in cell fate specification.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Evolution of the embryonic cis-regulatory landscapes between divergent Phallusia and Ciona ascidians.

Ascidian species of the Phallusia and Ciona genera are distantly related, their last common ancestor dating several hundred million years ago. Although their genome sequences have extensively diverged since this radiation, Phallusia and Ciona species share almost identical early morphogenesis and stereotyped cell lineages.\n\nHere, we explored the evolution of transcriptional control between P. mammillata and C. robusta. We combined genome-wide mapping of open chromatin regions in both species with a comparative analysis of the regulatory sequences of a test set of 10 pairs of orthologous early regulatory genes with conserved expression patterns.\n\nWe find that ascidian chromatin accessibility landscapes obey similar rules as in other metazoa. Open-chromatin regions are short, highly conserved within each genus and cluster around regulatory genes. In most cases, chromatin accessibility is not temporally regulated during early embryogenesis. Open-chromatin regions are highly enriched in cis-regulatory elements: 73% of 49 open chromatin regions around our test genes behaved as either distal enhancers or proximal enhancer/promoters following electroporation in Phallusia eggs. Analysis of this datasets suggests a pervasive use in ascidians of \"shadow\" enhancers with partially overlapping activities. Cross-species electroporations point to a deep conservation of the trans-regulatory logic between these distantly-related ascidians and. Finally, we found that the relative order and approximate distance to the transcription start site of open chromatin regions can be conserved between Ciona and Phallusia species despite extensive sequence divergence, a property that can be used to identify orthologous enhancers, whose regulatory activity can partially diverge.\n\nHIGHLIGHTSO_LIOpen chromatin regions are highly enriched for cis-regulatory elements in ascidian early embryos.\nC_LIO_LIAscidian Clusters of Open Regulatory Elements (COREs) are found next to regulatory genes.\nC_LIO_LIRegulatory gene expression, the trans-regulatory code, is conserved between distantly-related Ciona and Phallusia ascidians.\nC_LIO_LIAscidians show pervasive use of \"shadow\" enhancers\nC_LIO_LIThe position of homologous enhancers can be conserved, despite extensive genome divergence.\nC_LI

genomics↗

bioRxiv2017

Contact-dependent cell communications drive morphological invariance during ascidian embryogenesis

Canalization of developmental processes ensures the reproducibility and robustness of embryogenesis within each species. In its extreme form, found in ascidians, early embryonic cell lineages are invariant between embryos within and between species, despite rapid genomic divergence. To resolve this paradox, we used live light-sheet imaging to quantify individual cell behaviors in digitalized embryos and explore the forces that canalize their development. This quantitative approach revealed that individual cell geometries and cell contacts are strongly constrained, and that these constraints are tightly linked to the control of fate specification by local cell inductions. While in vertebrates ligand concentration usually controls cell inductions, we found that this role is fulfilled in ascidians by the area of contacts between signaling and responding cells. We propose that the duality between geometric and genetic control of inductions contributes to the counterintuitive inverse correlation between geometric and genetic variability during embryogenesis.

developmental biology↗