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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.10.01.756022

CRAIC: interactive interrogation of multiple sequence alignment uncertainty

McInerney, J. O.
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Abstract

Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are often treated as a solved problem. However, ambiguously or incorrectly aligned regions are the source of much error in phylogenetics and comparative genomics. CRAIC is a cross-platform desktop workbench that treats an alignment as a set of hypotheses to be stress-tested. CRAIC uses the posterior match probabilities of a three-state pair hidden Markov model (pair-HMM) to derive complementary views of alignment confidence. The five views are (i) a reliability overlay with live column and residue masking; (ii) a multi-aligner disagreement map, (iii) a local realignment sandbox, (iv) an interactive posterior explorer, and, where the true alignment is known, (v) a per-residue view of correctly predicted homologies. When present, MAFFT, MUSCLE, ProbCons, Clustal Omega, ClustalW and PRANK are integrated in the tool. In benchmarks the reliability score can locate misaligned columns, but while CRAIC can implement automatic filtering, it is primarily built for inspection and curation.

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McInerney, J. O.. 2026-10-08. CRAIC: interactive interrogation of multiple sequence alignment uncertainty. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.756022

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