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bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.09.09.750428

CHD8 orchestrates chromatin landscapes during early female neuronal differentiation

Danga, A. K.·Colantoni, A.·Pomella, N.·Blanes, N. R.·Genovesi, M.·Ersoz, F.·Tartaglia, G. G.·Fakhry, M. M.·Cerase, A.
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Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shows a strong male bias (~4:1). CHD8, a frequently mutated ASD gene, regulates neuronal development and Xist regulation in X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). However, its role in female neurodevelopment remains poorly understood due to the predominance of male-derived or sex-agnostic models. Methods: We performed integrated multi-omics analysis of female mouse embryonic stem cells (ES) differentiating to neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) using wild-type, CHD8 knockdown (KD), knockout (KO), and domain-specific rescue lines (full-length, {Delta}Chromo, {Delta}Helicase). RNA-seq, CHD8 and H3K4me3 ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq datasets were integrated to assess transcriptional, chromatin-binding and -accessibility changes during differentiation. Results: CHD8 occupancy was substantially remodelled during female neuronal differentiation, with 3,754 genes gaining NPCs-specific CHD8 binding predominantly at distal regulatory elements. CHD8 loss dysregulated 2,752 genes (1,134 upregulated and 1,618 downregulated), in NPCs. Differential accessibility analysis identified 4,486 chromatin regions with significant CHD8-dependent changes. Domain-specific rescue experiments showed that chromodomain and helicase activity makes distinct, non-redundant contributions to transcriptional recovery: {Delta}Chromo-rescued only ~ 1.0% of CHD8-dependent transcriptional changes, {Delta}Helicase rescued ~ 41.1%, and full-length CHD8 rescued ~ 70%. Integration of binding, expression, and accessibility data identified 8 high-confidence direct CHD8 target genes, and cross-referencing with the SFARI Autism Risk Gene database revealed that CHD8-dependent transcriptional changes converge on autism-related pathways. Conclusions: CHD8 acts as a key regulator of female-derived neuronal differentiation, recruited to H3K4me3-marked promoters in a chromodomain-dependent manner, with helicase activity providing non-redundant regulatory capacity at a subset of targets. These findings provide a molecular framework for CHD8-dependent transcriptional regulation in female NPCs and underscore the importance of including female-derived systems in neurodevelopmental disorder research.

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Danga, A. K., Colantoni, A., Pomella, N., Blanes, N. R., Genovesi, M., Ersoz, F., Tartaglia, G. G., Fakhry, M. M., Cerase, A.. 2026-09-10. CHD8 orchestrates chromatin landscapes during early female neuronal differentiation. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.09.750428

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