Turning Domain Expertise into Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of Biomedical AI with Karenina

Carli, F.; Rusina, P.; Ai, L.; Kuechenhoff, L.; To, P. K. P.; McDonagh, E. M.; Lobentanzer, S.; Petroni, F.; Dugourd, A.; Ochoa, D.; Saez-Rodriguez, J.

doi:10.64898/2026.09.01.748513

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.09.01.748513

Turning Domain Expertise into Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of Biomedical AI with Karenina

Carli, F.·Rusina, P.·Ai, L.·Kuechenhoff, L.·To, P. K. P.·McDonagh, E. M.·Lobentanzer, S.·Petroni, F.·Dugourd, A.·Ochoa, D.·Saez-Rodriguez, J.

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Abstract

Language models and agents are increasingly used in biomedicine, but current benchmarks reward correct answers even when the underlying reasoning is flawed. Here we introduce Karenina, an open-source framework that turns expert knowledge into multi-dimensional evaluations of questions, conversations and autonomous agents. Illustrated in Question-Answer pairs, multi-turn conversations and autonomous data-analysis, these dimensions together moves evaluation beyond scoring, enabling trustworthy decision-making with AI in biomedicine.

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Carli, F., Rusina, P., Ai, L., Kuechenhoff, L., To, P. K. P., McDonagh, E. M., Lobentanzer, S., Petroni, F., Dugourd, A., Ochoa, D., Saez-Rodriguez, J.. 2026-09-04. Turning Domain Expertise into Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of Biomedical AI with Karenina. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.01.748513

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