bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.07.21.739849

Epstein Barr virus exploits ER stress and TMX4 dependent nuclear envelope remodeling to enable capsid egress

Kucinska, M. K.·Solda, T.·Morone, D.·Raimondi, A.·Molinari, M.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Herpesvirus capsids assemble within the nucleoplasm of infected cells in highly ordered icosahedral structures with a diameter of about 100nm. Despite the small distance between outer and inner nuclear membrane, which is fixed between the 25 and the 50nm by disulfide bonded LINC complexes, the capsid particles cross the barrier and are delivered into the cytoplasm, where viral particle assembly continues. How Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) overcomes the spatial constraints imposed by the narrow perinuclear space for nuclear egress of the viral capsids remains unclear. Here, we show that EBV exploits an ER-stress-responsive nuclear envelope (NE) remodeling pathway to promote capsid egress. Induction of EBV lytic replication activates the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response and triggers TMX4-dependent remodeling of the NE. Inhibition of IRE1 signaling or depletion of TMX4 prevents efficient redistribution of viral capsid proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, causes accumulation of unused viral glycoprotein GP350 in Golgi-derived membranes, and markedly reduces production of infectious viral particles. Thus, EBV hijacks a host NE adaptation pathway to overcome a fundamental physical barrier during viral maturation.

Explore related subjects

cell biologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Kucinska, M. K., Solda, T., Morone, D., Raimondi, A., Molinari, M.. 2026-07-22. Epstein Barr virus exploits ER stress and TMX4 dependent nuclear envelope remodeling to enable capsid egress. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.21.739849

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

A dynamic phosphoproteome reveals stage-specific regulation of cytokinesis in Leishmania

Leishmania parasites undergo extensive morphological and metabolic remodelling during their transition from motile insect promastigotes to non-motile intracellular amastigotes, yet how dynamic protein kinase signalling drives this process remains poorly understood. Here, we present a high-resolution temporal phosphoproteome of L. mexicana promastigote to axenic amastigote differentiation, profiling 16,495 phosphosites on 3,101 proteins across seven developmental time points and identifying 5,795 dynamically regulated sites. This temporal map reveals stage-specific signalling programs, including regulated sites in MPK2 and non-regulated sites in MRK1, protein kinases known to be essential for amastigote differentiation. Using analogue-sensitive (AS) chemical genetics, we show that acute inhibition of either kinase in axenic amastigotes disrupts the spatial coordination of cleavage furrow ingression with nuclear and kinetoplast segregation, revealing essential cytokinesis roles obscured in constitutive gene deletions. Despite generating similar cytokinesis phenotypes, genetic over-expression and cellular localisation analyses demonstrate that MPK2 and MRK1 act through spatially segregated signalling pathways. Time-resolved phosphoproteomics upon MPK2 inhibition places its activity upstream of cytoskeletal remodelling networks. Importantly, we show that the stage-specific requirement for MPK2 is defined by the parasite's morphology: while motile promastigotes tolerate MPK2 inhibition, genetic ablation of flagellar motility sensitises them to loss of MPK2 activity. Thus, flagellar motility acts as a mechanical buffer during promastigote division, explaining why non-motile amastigotes are vulnerable to MPK2 inhibition. Together, our findings provide a systems level framework for Leishmania signalling and demonstrate that cellular architecture and biomechanics dictate protein kinase dependency across developmental stages of the parasite.

cell biology↗
bioRxiv2026

Single-cell Transcriptome-Proteome-PTMome(x8)-Metabolome (scTPPM) co-profiling decodes multimodal regulation during mouse oocyte meiosis

Single-cell multi-omics technology is crucial for comprehensive characterization of cellular molecular features. Despite recent advances in single-cell multi-omics approaches, co-profiling of nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the same cell individuals remains major challenges. Here, we developed a single-cell transcriptome, proteome, PTMome, and metabolome (scTPPM) profiling approach, enabling simultaneous analysis of transcriptomes, proteomes, eight types of PTMs (e.g., phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, O_GlcNAc, acetylation, crotonylation, lactylation, and succinylation), and metabolomes in individual cells. We demonstrated the scTPPM's performance in tumor cell lines and oocyte samples, reaching total identification and quantification of 27,668 genes, 4,847 proteins, 1,508 PTM sites, and 680 metabolites in single mouse oocytes. We profiled previously-uncharacterized dynamic crosstalk among the entire metabolic pathways from metabolic enzyme expression and regulation to metabolite-mediated post-translational modifications during oocyte maturation. In summary, scTPPM provided an effective workflow for multi-omics co-profiling in single cells, enabling multi-layered insights into complex regulatory network.

cell biology↗
bioRxiv2026

Sequence context and partner availability specify divergent cell fates from a single transcription factor

Transcription factors drive the gene regulatory networks that control developmental transitions, yet which of their many targets a cell uses remains unresolved. Expressing Cebp, Cebp{beta} or Cebp{delta} identically, alone or with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc, gave four outcomes: adipocyte from fibroblasts and neural stem cells, trophectoderm from embryonic stem cells, and myeloid from B cells. Raising Cebp levels changed how many sites it reached, not which sequence it read: clustered motifs maintained somatic enhancers, while spillover onto low-copy sites created de novo enhancers carrying composites of Cebp and cell-type-restricted partners. In fibroblasts, Cebp also redistributed Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 from early targets, blocking iPSC formation. Supplying the predicted partners rewrote the output: Spi1 redirected Cebp into parallel adipogenic and myeloid programs, via a transient PpargCD45 state using separate enhancers for each; TFAP2C abolished adipogenic conversion. Motif density and partner composites therefore assemble a factor's instructive output in the receiving cell.

cell biology↗