The NBSGW RIP-DTR Mouse: An Integrated Platform for Diabetes Induction, Human Immune Reconstitution and Transplantation Studies

Chamberlain, C. S.; Kapadia, D.; Abad Santos, E.; Huang, L.; Holm, A.; Leavens, C.; Palwasha Khan, A.; Gorski, K. M.; Steck, C. C.; Mikat, A. S.; Tremmel, D. M.; Chlebeck, P.; Talerico, K.; Estrada, E.; McIntosh, B.; Brown, M. E.; Sackett, S. D.; Odorico, J. S.

doi:10.64898/2026.07.10.737744

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.07.10.737744

The NBSGW RIP-DTR Mouse: An Integrated Platform for Diabetes Induction, Human Immune Reconstitution and Transplantation Studies

Chamberlain, C. S.·Kapadia, D.·Abad Santos, E.·Huang, L.·Holm, A.·Leavens, C.·Palwasha Khan, A.·Gorski, K. M.·Steck, C. C.·Mikat, A. S.·Tremmel, D. M.·Chlebeck, P.·Talerico, K.·Estrada, E.·McIntosh, B.·Brown, M. E.·Sackett, S. D.·Odorico, J. S.

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Abstract

Using toxin receptor-mediated cell ablation, a diabetes mouse model was generated that supports engraftment of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) without the need for irradiation. The NBSGW immunodeficient strain was crossed with the NSG RIP-DTR which carries the diphtheria toxin receptor (hDTR) under the control of the rat insulin promoter to generate the NBSGW RIP-DTR mouse. This model enables controlled {beta}-cell ablation, robust human immune system reconstitution without myeloablative conditioning, and evaluation of human immune-mediated graft rejection within a single platform. NBSGW RIP-DTR mice exhibited reproducible and titratable diabetes induction, supported durable human islet engraftment and glycemic correction, and retained efficient human hematopoietic reconstitution comparable to the parental NBSGW strain. In humanized mice, diphtheria toxin-mediated diabetes induction was well tolerated and enabled assessment of human immune responses to allogeneic islet grafts. Collectively, these findings establish the NBSGW RIP-DTR mouse as an integrated and clinically relevant platform for studying {beta}-cell replacement therapies and human immune-mediated graft rejection. Article HighlightsO_LICurrent preclinical models do not simultaneously support controlled diabetes induction, human islet transplantation, and durable human immune reconstitution without irradiation. C_LIO_LIThis study asked whether the NBSGW RIP-DTR mouse could integrate diphtheria toxin-mediated {beta}-cell ablation with irradiation-free humanization in a single platform. C_LIO_LINBSGW RIP-DTR mice demonstrated reproducible diabetes induction, supported functional human islet engraftment, and retained robust human hematopoietic reconstitution comparable to parental strains. C_LIO_LIThese findings establish the NBSGW RIP-DTR model as a clinically relevant platform for studying {beta}-cell replacement and human immune response to islet allografts, xenografts and stem cell-derived islets. C_LI

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Chamberlain, C. S., Kapadia, D., Abad Santos, E., Huang, L., Holm, A., Leavens, C., Palwasha Khan, A., Gorski, K. M., Steck, C. C., Mikat, A. S., Tremmel, D. M., Chlebeck, P., Talerico, K., Estrada, E., McIntosh, B., Brown, M. E., Sackett, S. D., Odorico, J. S.. 2026-07-16. The NBSGW RIP-DTR Mouse: An Integrated Platform for Diabetes Induction, Human Immune Reconstitution and Transplantation Studies. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.10.737744

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