Altering facial preferences with context

Abstract

Facial features are known to play a key role in how we judge a persons traits. However, in many scenarios people do not evaluate a person in isolation but are required to compare and choose between multiple candidates. Yet, the principles that govern these decisions remain unknown. In economic literature, decisions are known to be influenced by the context of available options, but it is unclear to what extent these principles apply to social decisions about naturalistic stimuli such as human faces. Here, we bridged between these two fields of research - face evaluations and economic decisions - to investigate whether facial preferences can be systematically shifted by context, exhibiting a well-known choice context effect, the "decoy effect". We asked participants to choose the person they think is more trustworthy from either a set of two ("target" and "competitor") or three faces (including a "decoy"). Based on economic theory, we carefully selected face sets using their trustworthiness rankings and perceptual similarity, and tested them across several exploratory samples (n=100-400) and one large, preregistered experiment (n=1099). We found that adding a decoy face to the choice set increased participants choices of the target option by up to 7%, while the decoy face was rarely selected, consistent with a typical decoy effect. These results provide direct evidence that social judgements are affected by the same context-dependent principles known from economic choices, and that the decoy effect can be generalized to complex naturalistic stimuli such as human faces, relevant to various real-world applications. Significance statementPeople often rely on facial judgements when choosing between candidates, like politicians or potential partners. These judgments are typically made in comparison to available alternatives rather than in isolation. In economic literature, decisions are known to depend on the context of alternatives, but it remains unclear whether social evaluations follow the same principles. Here, tested whether the "decoy effect", a well-known choice context effect, applies to social judgments. Participants were asked to choose the more trustworthy individual from either two (decoy-absent) or three faces (decoy-present). Adding a decoy face increased selection of the target face by up to 7%, while the decoy itself was rarely chosen, showing that social judgments are governed by the same context-dependent principles as economic choices.