The autophagy core protein Atg18 regulates exosome release and rescues pathogenic dysfunction associated to Parkinson Sac domain mutation in Synaptojanin

Abstract

Macroautophagy, a catabolic process conserved across evolution, participates in fundamental aspects of synaptic function and neuronal survival. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate cell communication, including emerging roles mediating brain intercellular signaling, synaptic function and neuronal survival. Indeed, both autophagy and exosome release interact with each other, but this interplay is poorly characterized at the neuronal synapse, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that at the presynaptic compartment the autophagy protein Atg18a/WIPI2 regulates exosome release at the level of the multivesicular body. The Parkinson disease mutation R258Q in the protein Synaptojanin inhibits synaptic autophagy, and causes locomotion deficits, seizures and neurodegeneration. We found that this mutation also reduces exosome release and that the dopaminergic overexpression of Atg18a in Synaptojanin mutant animals restores exosome release, locomotion and dopaminergic survival without restoring synaptic autophagy. Our data reports a novel function of Atg18a in the regulation of exosome release and spotlights the role of exosome release in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.