Carbohydrate active enzymes in Pectobacteriaceae: coevolving enzyme sets and host adaptation

Abstract

Many phytopathogenic bacteria have evolved large, diverse arsenals of Carbohydrate Active enZymes (CAZymes) that liberate simple sugars, and thus nutrition and energy, from the complex lignocellulosic matrices of their plant hosts. The CAZyme arsenals of these phytopathogens are expected to be influenced by and adapted to the cell wall composition of their plant hosts. The solutions these organisms have reached for the problem of degrading plant material may help us understand their host ranges and present a rich source of novel CAZymes for exploitation in industrial bioprocessing. Here we catalogue and analyse CAZyme complements (CAZomes) of publicly-available Enterobacterial phytopathogen genomes, including those of the economically significant and widely-studied Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera. These comprise a broad diversity of CAZymes, providing insight into host adaptation and a resource for bio-prospection of industrially-relevant enzymes. We find evidence supporting coevolution of sets of CAZymes specific to bacterial genus and species and, notably, CAZymes associated with pathogen preference for either woody or soft plant tissue, suggesting adaptation of CAZomes to host plant cell wall composition.