bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.04.03.716380

Disruption of Drosophila melanogaster Larval Locomotion Caused by Silver Ions

Stewart, M.·Pradhan, H.·Zhuang, X.·Wang, Y.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Silver (Ag+) ions are known to be toxic to bacteria, cells, organisms and living systems; yet its impacts on the locomotion of surface-crawling organisms remain poorly quantified. Here we investigated the short-term (0-6 hours) effects of Ag+ ions on the locomotion of Drosophila melanogaster larvae on flat agarose surfaces containing Ag+ ions at different concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 mM). By quantifying their locomotion, we found that Drosophila larvae showed shorter accumulated distances and reduced crawling speed. Additionally, we quantified the go/stop dynamics and peristalsis of the larvae and observed that Ag+ ions disrupted the normal, rhythmic, peristaltic contraction of the larvae and "trapped" them in the stop phase. Such toxic effects were dependent on Ag+ concentration and exposure duration.

Explore related subjects

biophysicsPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Stewart, M., Pradhan, H., Zhuang, X., Wang, Y.. 2026-04-07. Disruption of Drosophila melanogaster Larval Locomotion Caused by Silver Ions. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.03.716380

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Mechanism of molecular recognition revealed through dynamic drug binding pathways to SARS-CoV-2 main protease

Characterization of drug-binding pathways remains experimentally limited by transient intermediates and computationally challenging due to long timescales intractable for conventional molecular dynamics. To address these challenges, we combined solution NMR titrations with weighted ensemble (WE) enhanced sampling simulations to resolve atomistic pathways of nirmatrelvir binding to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. NMR titration revealed residue-dependent heterogeneity spanning fast, intermediate, and slow exchange regimes. WE simulations complement the NMR by providing insights into unassigned residues and adding time-resolved and three-dimensional structural context. We map key interactions along two distinct binding pathways, provide dynamic explanations for residues involved in resistance, and capture unique backbone conformations compared to those sampled in unbound or bound states. Our comprehensive binding model is consistent with a combined conformational selection and induced fit mechanism in which early transient contacts are made with residues E47 and L50 and allosteric motions are centered around residue V204 of the distal domain. This synergistic application of WE and titration NMR enables a more comprehensive characterization of drug binding than either method alone, providing an integrated framework that may have broader applicability to defining structure-kinetic relationships and guiding design of next-generation inhibitors.

biophysics↗
bioRxiv2026

A Minimally Perturbative DARPin Probe for Quantitative Fluorescence Imaging of the Human TCR-CD3 Complex

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of T-cell antigen recognition in living cells, but its quantitative insight critically depends on non-perturbative, high-quality probes. Here, we repurpose a small (~15 kDa) CD3epsilon-binding DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat proteins) to a fluorescent label for T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complexes on primary human CD8+ T-cells, with the aim of generating a powerful tool for quantitative analysis, single-molecule tracking, and advanced imaging of TCR dynamics. We show that the DARPin binds CD3{varepsilon} with high affinity and selectivity and using single molecule tracking and brightness analysis, we characterize the TCR-CD3 diffusion behavior and show that the DARPin binds to both CD3epsilon; subunits. Importantly, labeling preserves antigen sensitivity: on supported lipid bilayers presenting cognate pMHC, T-cells remain responsive, assemble synapses, form TCR microclusters, and initiate signaling similar to unlabeled controls. We further demonstrate compatibility with lattice light-sheet microscopy for volumetric imaging of T-cell - APC interactions in living cells. Together, these results establish DARPins as versatile, minimally perturbative probes for high resolution, quantitative studies of T cell synapse organization and signaling.

biophysics↗
bioRxiv2026

Monitoring intramolecular dynamics across two regions of the mouse prion protein during misfolding and oligomerization using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

It is important to determine whether native state dynamics drive the misfolding and oligomerization of the prion protein, which are important events in prion disease, and how they are modulated by conformational conversion. Native (N) mouse prion protein (moPrP) is known to form small (OS) and large (OL) oligomers rich in {beta}-sheet, and in this study, photoinduced electron transfer-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (PET-FCS) has been used to characterize intramolecular dynamics within individual monomeric units in both isolated OS and OL, as well as the diffusion properties of the oligomers. It is estimated that OS and OL comprise of about 15 and 55 monomeric units, respectively. Microsecond dynamics at each of the two regions that are the 1-3 and 2-3 interfaces of native protein are distinct in N, OS and OL, although they occur on very similar timescales. Analysis of the evolution of the distribution of diffusion times, determined using the maximum entropy method, indicates heterogeneity in the oligomerization reaction. Analysis of the change in the fluctuations which occur in two different timescales in the native state ensemble shows that they are damped more at the erstwhile 1-3 interface than the erstwhile 2-3 interface. The difference in the extent of damping at the erstwhile 1-3 and 2-3 interfaces can be explained on the basis of the structural changes known to occur across each region. The changes in dynamics occur concurrently in both regions, indicating that the structural changes accompanying conformational conversion also occur simultaneously during the oligomerization of moPrP.

biophysics↗