Comparison of Four Assays That Measure Antibodies to Ebola Virus Glycoprotein

Malkjkovic Berry, I.; Farhat, S. B.; Callier, V.; Roy, C.; Dubois Cauwelaert, N.; Lhomme, E.; Chandrasekaran, P.; Jarra, A.; Gichini, H.; Anthony, S.; Bernaud, N.; Schwimmer, C.; Peeters, M.; Thaurignac, G.; Biai, N.; Kennedy, S. B.; Kieh, M.; Browne, S. M.; Fallah, M.; Mutombo, P.; Lokilo, E.; Mbaya, O. T.; Hensley, L.; Crozier, I.; Davey, R. T.; Levy, Y.; Ayouba, A.; Richert, L.; Lane, H. C.; Reilly, C.; Follmann, D. A.

doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.708022

Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.03.18.708022

Comparison of Four Assays That Measure Antibodies to Ebola Virus Glycoprotein

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The accurate measurement of Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific antibody responses is crucial to assessing immunity induced by EBOV infection or vaccination. For this purpose, the Filovirus Animal Nonclinical Group (FANG) anti-EBOV glycoprotein (GP1,2) ELISA is considered the "gold-standard". However, it has limitations such as high repeat-rates and variability, and low throughput. Here, we describe two new alternative assays: a Single-Molecule Assay Planar EBOV GP1,2 ELISA and a multiplexed EBOV GP1,2, EBOV nucleoprotein, and EBOV Viral Protein 40 Luminex assay, and compare these with two versions of the FANG ELISA. Samples were selected from participants receiving vaccine or placebo in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of two EBOV vaccines (PREVAIL 1), and a longitudinal cohort study of Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors and their close contacts (PREVAIL 3). All four assays were concordant in their measurements of anti-EBOV GP1,2-specific immunoglobulin G responses, allowing for the determination of conversion equations for antibody measurements across assays. In addition, all four showed a similar ability to distinguish vaccine recipients from placebo recipients and EVD survivors from their close contacts. Compared to the FANG assays, the Quanterix and Luminex assays had lower variability, lower repeat rates, and higher throughput, making them good alternatives for future studies.

Explore related subjects

immunology Preprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Malkjkovic Berry, I., Farhat, S. B., Callier, V., Roy, C., Dubois Cauwelaert, N., Lhomme, E., Chandrasekaran, P., Jarra, A., Gichini, H., Anthony, S., Bernaud, N., Schwimmer, C., Peeters, M., Thaurignac, G., Biai, N., Kennedy, S. B., Kieh, M., Browne, S. M., Fallah, M., Mutombo, P., Lokilo, E., Mbaya, O. T., Hensley, L., Crozier, I., Davey, R. T., Levy, Y., Ayouba, A., Richert, L., Lane, H. C., Reilly, C., Follmann, D. A.. 2026-03-20. Comparison of Four Assays That Measure Antibodies to Ebola Virus Glycoprotein. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.18.708022

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Common viral infections seed regionally distinct resident memory T cells in the human CNS

T cells persist in the central nervous system (CNS) and can drive both protection and neurological disease. How these cells are organized in humans and what they recognize is largely unknown. Here, we profiled CD8 T cells across anatomically distinct CNS regions, obtained through on-site autopsies and temporal lobe resection surgeries, using single-cell RNA sequencing, paired T cell receptor sequencing, and DNA-barcoded tetramers. Resident memory T cells (TRM) specific for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2 were identified across CNS compartments. Anatomical location was the strongest correlate of TRM cell state, with leptomeningeal cells adopting a cytokine-poised TRM program, whereas brain TRM cells were transcriptionally restrained. Cells of the same clonotype spanned tissues yet adopted local transcriptional states. Viral specificity added another layer of TRM heterogeneity with GZMK/GZMA-expressing EBV-specific populations and interferon-stimulated gene signatures in SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A-specific cells. The human CNS thus harbors regionally distinct CD8+ TRM shaped by common viral exposures.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2026

A regulatory T cell signature provides a shared molecular basis for the therapeutic window of opportunity in rheumatic disease

Rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and osteoarthritis (OA), show distinct phenotypes yet respond to overlapping therapies, implicating shared immune mechanisms. In the Transimmunom cohort, we profiled peripheral blood from 240 individuals (47 healthy, 44 OA, 91 RA, 58 SpA) across deep immunophenotyping, immunoproteomics and Treg-Teff transcriptomics. Single-layer analyses revealed broader Treg than Teff remodeling, along with a shared pattern of reduced activated Tregs and expanded Helios+ Tregs across all diseases, alongside a decrease in functional Treg subpopulations, including CTLA4+ and CD45RA- Tregs. In RA specifically, LAG3+ Tregs were also expanded. Combining omics layers outperformed single-layer approaches for disease classification. Among individual layers, Treg transcriptomes were most discriminative, and integration uncovered disease-specific programs. Unsupervised clustering identified a cross-disease cluster independent of activity, treatment and age, mapping to early disease (<= years) and dominated by a Treg dysfunction-associated program. These results provide a biological rationale for the therapeutic "window of opportunity" concept and duration-stratified Treg-directed trials.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2026

Inhibitory Fc Receptor sets a time limit on macrophage response to IgG

Antibodies engage both activating Fc Receptors and the inhibitory receptor Fc{gamma}RIIB. Why macrophages need a dedicated inhibitory receptor rather than simply tuning activating receptor signaling is unclear. Using DNA-based chimeric receptors and in silico modeling, we independently controlled activating and inhibitory Fc Receptors. We found that Fc{gamma}RIIB imposed a time limit on macrophage phagocytosis and ERK signaling. The time limit is due to activating Fc Receptors converting PI(4,5)P2 to PI(3,4,5)P3, which is subsequently converted to PI(3,4)P2 by Fc{gamma}RIIB. This leads to a pulse of active signaling, which is sufficient for phagocytosis of small bacteria-sized targets but not phagocytosis of large targets and TNF secretion. Unlike engaging Fc{gamma}RIIB, reducing activating Fc Receptor signaling decreased initiation of phagocytosis, the speed of PI(3,4,5)P3 generation, and the amplitude of ERK signaling. Our results demonstrate that Fc{gamma}RIIB controls the duration of IgG signaling, while the activating Fc Receptors control sensitivity.

immunology↗