Wnt signalling controls abscission dynamics in mouse embryonic stem cells

Abstract

Cell division is a crucial process that ensures proper development of multicellular organisms. Cell division ends in abscission, a process in which the intercellular bridge between two sister cells is cut. Although abscission usually happens shortly after chromosome segregation, abscission is severely delayed in mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells (mESC). The regulation of the duration of abscission influences cell fate transitions but how cell state and abscission dynamics crosstalk remains unknown. Here, we show that a key pluripotency pathway, the Wnt signalling pathway, controls abscission dynamics. Upon deactivation of Wnt signalling in naive mESCs, abscission becomes faster. Wnt signalling regulates abscission dynamics in mESCs through two mechanisms. First, Wnt signalling keeps the amount of Aurora B high at the intercellular bridge, probably by preventing Aurora B degradation. In turn, high Aurora B activity at the bridge delays bridge abscission. Second, a key component of Wnt signalling, the kinase GSK-3{beta} localizes at the intercellular bridge with microtubules and their associated proteins (MAPs). In pluripotent cells, inactivation of GSK-3{beta} leads to an increase of stable microtubules at the bridge stable which causes delayed abscission. Crucially, inhibition of GSK-3{beta} after cells have exited naive pluripotency accelerates abscission, demonstrating that cell state influences the output of the abscission signalling pathway. The permissive function of canonical Wnt on cell state is thought to be mediated by reinforcement of existing pluripotency network; altogether, our work shows that non-canonical Wnt is also context dependent.