Macrophage Phagocytic Impairment is associated with Dysbiosis of the Respiratory Microbiome in Frail older adults

Belchamber, K. B. R.; Yip, K. P.; Thein, O. S.; Grudzinska, F. S.; Patel, S.; Sapey, E.; Jackson, T.; Parekh, D.; Cox, M. J.; Scott, A.

doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.703495

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.02.09.703495

Macrophage Phagocytic Impairment is associated with Dysbiosis of the Respiratory Microbiome in Frail older adults

Belchamber, K. B. R.·Yip, K. P.·Thein, O. S.·Grudzinska, F. S.·Patel, S.·Sapey, E.·Jackson, T.·Parekh, D.·Cox, M. J.·Scott, A.

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Abstract

Advanced age and frailty are risk factors for pulmonary infections, which are the leading cause of death in older adults. The mechanism behind increased susceptibility to infection is poorly understood, but interactions between innate immunity and the respiratory microbiome may be implicated. We investigated changes to monocyte-derived macrophage function, and the respiratory microbiome in healthy young adults, healthy older adults, and frail older adults. We found that macrophage phagocytosis and efferocytosis is impaired in frail older adults, associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and a failure to regulate expression of phagocytic receptors CD14 and CD36. Pre-treatment of macrophages with a PPAR{gamma} agonist restored phagocytosis, implicating this pathway in cellular dysfunction. Accompanying respiratory microbiome showed reduced bacterial diversity and richness in older adults, which was more advanced in frail older adults. These results are consistent with a macrophage predation defect in the lungs during frailty which may impact bacterial diversity, and may be improved via manipulation of the PPAR{gamma} pathway. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=139 SRC="FIGDIR/small/703495v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (21K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c53e8forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8e34bcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@28345dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@185d93d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

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Belchamber, K. B. R., Yip, K. P., Thein, O. S., Grudzinska, F. S., Patel, S., Sapey, E., Jackson, T., Parekh, D., Cox, M. J., Scott, A.. 2026-02-11. Macrophage Phagocytic Impairment is associated with Dysbiosis of the Respiratory Microbiome in Frail older adults. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.09.703495

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