Exploration of the role of CHRNA5-A3-B4 genotype in smoking behaviours

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies have identified associations between variation at rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster and smoking related outcomes. Experiments in rodents have described the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) subunits encoded by this gene cluster and showed a lack of nicotine aversion in nAChRs deficient animal models. We conducted a nicotine challenge and a smoking topography study in humans, hypothesising that: 1. responses to a nicotine challenge would differ according to the rs16969968/rs1051730 genotype and 2. genotype may influence nicotine intake via smoking topography.\n\nWe used linear regressions to examine associations between rs16969968/rs1051730 genotype and subjective (questionnaires) and objective (physiological parameters) responses following acute nicotine exposure in never smokers (hypothesis 1) or cigarette smoking in current smokers (hypothesis 2). There was evidence to suggest nicotine exposure increases blood pressure and heart rate, and negatively affects mood, but insufficient evidence that these effects differ by genotype. Carriers of the minor allele following smoking one cigarette, exhibited reduced cravings (b=-2.46, 95% CI -4.87 to - 0.06, p=0.04) and inhaled less smoke per cigarette (b=-0.24, 95% CI - 0.43 to - 0.06, p=0.01) and per puff (b=-0.18, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.01, p=0.02). These results suggest that we need to carefully consider the translational value of the findings of aversion behaviour in nAChRs rodent models, and that deeper inhalation does not explain the strong association between rs16969968/rs1051730 genotype and objective biomarkers of tobacco exposure.