Low dose Cold Atmospheric Plasma induces membrane oxidation, stimulates endocytosis and enhances uptake of nanomaterials in Glioblastoma multiforme cells

He, Z.; Liu, K.; Scally, L.; Manaloto, E.; Gunes, S.; Ng, S. W.; Maher, M.; Tiwari, B.; Byrne, H. J.; Bourke, P.; Tian, F.; Cullen, P. J.; Curtin, J. F.

doi:10.1101/805192

bioRxiv · 10.1101/805192

Low dose Cold Atmospheric Plasma induces membrane oxidation, stimulates endocytosis and enhances uptake of nanomaterials in Glioblastoma multiforme cells

He, Z.·Liu, K.·Scally, L.·Manaloto, E.·Gunes, S.·Ng, S. W.·Maher, M.·Tiwari, B.·Byrne, H. J.·Bourke, P.·Tian, F.·Cullen, P. J.·Curtin, J. F.

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Abstract

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has demonstrated synergistic cytotoxic effects with nanoparticles, especially promoting the uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles inside cells. However, the mechanisms driving the effects need to be explored. In this study, we investigate the enhanced uptake of theranostic nanomaterials by CAP. Numerical modelling of the uptake of gold nanoparticle into U373MG Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells predicts that CAP may introduce a new uptake route. We demonstrate that cell membrane repair pathways play the main role in this stimulated new uptake route, following non-toxic doses of dielectric barrier discharge CAP (30 s, 75 kV). CAP treatment induces cellular membrane damage, mainly via lipid peroxidation as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Membranes rich in peroxidated lipids are then trafficked into cells via membrane repairing endocytosis. We confirm that the enhanced uptake of nanomaterials is clathrin-dependent using chemical inhibitors and silencing of gene expression. Therefore, CAP-stimulated membrane repair increases endocytosis and accelerates the uptake of gold nanoparticles into U373MG cells after CAP treatment. Our data demonstrate the utility of CAP to model membrane oxidative damage in cells and characterise a previously unreported mechanism of membrane repair to trigger nanomaterial uptake which will be useful for developing more efficient deliveries of nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals into cancer cells for tumour therapy and diagnosis. This mechanism of RONS-induced endocytosis will also be of relevance to other cancer therapies that induce an increase in extracellular RONS.\n\n\n\nO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=104 SRC=\"FIGDIR/small/805192v1_ufig1.gif\" ALT=\"Figure 1\">\nView larger version (43K):\norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1487fd4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c05eeforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@198c75aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1481096_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

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He, Z., Liu, K., Scally, L., Manaloto, E., Gunes, S., Ng, S. W., Maher, M., Tiwari, B., Byrne, H. J., Bourke, P., Tian, F., Cullen, P. J., Curtin, J. F.. 2019-10-16. Low dose Cold Atmospheric Plasma induces membrane oxidation, stimulates endocytosis and enhances uptake of nanomaterials in Glioblastoma multiforme cells. https://doi.org/10.1101/805192

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