Relationship of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and diet habits with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a multi-ethnic Asian population

Abstract

ObjectivesLiterature shows a high prevalence of MetS among Malaysians, varying across major ethnicities. As sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and diet habits of such communities have been reported to be diverse, the study objective was to investigate the association of various sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and diet habits on MetS overall and among the three major ethnic communities in Malaysia.\n\nMaterials and MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 481 Malaysians of age 18 years and above living in Johor, Malaysia. Information on demographics, lifestyle and diet habits was collected using a structured questionnaire. MetS was diagnosed among the subjects using the Harmonized criteria. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary behaviours with MetS.\n\nResultsMetS was found among 32.2% of the respondents, more prevalent among the Indians (51.9%), followed by Malays (36.7%) and Chinese (20.2%). Overall, increasing age (AOR=2.44[95%CI=1.27-4.70] at 40-49 years vs. AOR=4.14[95%CI=1.97-8.69] at 60 years and above) and Indian ethnicity (AOR=1.95[95%CI=1.12-3.38)] increased, while higher education (AOR = 0.44[95%CI = 0.20-0.94] reduced the odds of MetS in this population. Quick finishing of meals (AOR=2.17[95%CI=1.02-4.60]) and low physical activity (AOR=4.76[95%CI=1.49-15.26]) was associated with an increased odds of MetS among the Malays and Chinese, respectively.\n\nConclusionThe population in Johor is diverse in these factors, and some of these are associated with MetS in certain ethnicities. In light of such differences, ethnic specific measures are needed to reduce the prevalence of MetS in this population.