Computational reconstruction of the complete Piezo1 structure reveals a unique footprint and specific lipid interactions

Abstract

Piezo1 is a critical mechanical sensor in many cells. It is activated by mechanical force thus allowing cells to sense the physical environment and respond to stress. Structural data have suggested that Piezo1 has a curved shape. Here, we use computational approaches to model, for the first time, the 3D structure of the full-length Piezo1 in an asymmetric membrane. A number of novel insights emerge: (i) Piezo1 creates a dome in the membrane with a trilobed topology that extends beyond the radius of the protein, (ii) Piezo1 changes the lipid environment in its vicinity via specific interactions with cholesterol and PIP2 molecules, (iii) changes in cholesterol concentration that change the membrane stiffness result in changes in the depth of the dome created by Piezo1, and iv) modelling of the N-terminal region that is missing from current structures modifies Piezo1 membrane footprint, suggesting the importance of this region in Piezo1 function.