Hippocampal place cells encode local surface texture boundaries

Abstract

The cognitive map is often assumed to be a Euclidean map that isometrically represents the real world (i.e. the Euclidean distance between any two locations in the physical world should be preserved on the cognitive map). However, accumulating evidence suggests that environmental boundaries can distort the mental representations of a physical space. For example, the distance between two locations can be remembered as longer than the true physical distance if the locations are separated by a boundary. While this overestimation is observed under different experimental conditions, even when the boundary is formed by flat surface cues, its physiological basis is not well understood. We examined the neural representation of flat surface cue boundaries, and of the space segregated by these boundaries, by recording place cell activity from dorsal CA1 and CA3 while rats foraged on a circular track or square platform with inhomogeneous surface textures. About 40% of the place field edges concentrated near the surface cue boundaries on the circular track (significantly above the chance level 33%). Similarly, the place field edges were more prevalent near the boundaries on the platforms than expected by chance. In both 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional environments, the population vectors of place cell activity changed more abruptly with distance between locations that crossed cue boundaries than between locations within a bounded region. These results show that the locations of surface boundaries were evident as enhanced decorrelations of the neural representations of locations to either side of the boundaries. This enhancement might underlie the cognitive phenomenon of overestimation of distances across boundaries.