Comparison of Chemotherapy Effects on Mechanical Sensitivity and Food-Maintained Operant Responding in Male and Female Rats

Abstract

ObjectiveChemotherapies of varying classes often cause neuropathy and debilitating chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) sufficient to limit treatment and reduce quality of life for many patients battling cancer. There are currently no effective preventative or alleviative treatments for CINP. Preclinical models have been developed to test candidate CINP treatments; however, studies using these models rarely provide direct comparisons of effects of different chemotherapies or assess the degree to which chemotherapies produce clinically relevant signs of pain-depressed behavior.\n\nMethodsMale and female Sprague-Dawley rats received four injections of vehicle, paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, vincristine, or bortezomib on alternate days. Mechanical hypersensitivity, body weight, and food-maintained operant responding were evaluated before, during, and for up to 42 days after initiation of treatment. Morphine potency and effectiveness to reverse chemotherapy-induced effects were also evaluated.\n\nResultsAll four chemotherapies produced dose-dependent and sustained mechanical hypersensitivity in all rats. Vincristine and oxaliplatin produced transient weight loss and decreases in food-maintained operant responding in all rats, whereas paclitaxel and bortezomib produced lesser or no effect. At four weeks after treatment, operant responding was depressed only in paclitaxel-treated males. Morphine reversed mechanical hypersensitivity in all rats but failed to reverse paclitaxel-induced depression of operant responding in males.\n\nConclusionsChemotherapy treatments sufficient to produce sustained mechanical hypersensitivity failed to produce sustained or morphine-reversible behavioral depression in rats. Insofar as pain-related behavioral depression is a cardinal sign of CINP in humans, these results challenge the presumption that these chemotherapy-dosing regimens are sufficient to model clinically relevant CINP in rats.