\"Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Selected High Endemic Areas of Morang District, Nepal\": A case control Study

Mandal, P.; Wagle, R. R.; Thakur, A. K.; Uranw, S.; Ms.Punam Kumari Mandal,Dr.Rajendra Raj Wagle, Ms. Ajoy Kumar Thakur,Dr. Surendra Uranw,

doi:10.1101/530741

bioRxiv · 10.1101/530741

\"Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Selected High Endemic Areas of Morang District, Nepal\": A case control Study

Mandal, P.·Wagle, R. R.·Thakur, A. K.·Uranw, S.·Ms.Punam Kumari Mandal,Dr.Rajendra Raj Wagle, Ms. Ajoy Kumar Thakur,Dr. Surendra Uranw,

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Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health concern in Nepal. During the last few years, several KA outbreaks have been reported from Tarai region including Morang district. A case control study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with VL in 5 endemic VDC of Morang district with 62 cases already treated from BPKIHS and Koshi zonal hospital and 248 controls selected randomly from the same village. Data collected using semi structured questionnaire from September to November 2013. This study revealed that people living in thatched house, sleeping in ground floor, ownership of animal, history of migration to India (Bihar and Jharkhand) and proximity to other KA cases within 50 m distance of household were strong risk factors for VL. Education remains protective (OR 0.39,95 % CI 0.19-0.79). The association with socioeconomic status showed clear dose - response effect. The odds for VL consistently decreased as the level of socioeconomic status increased (OR 4.26, 3.81). Strengthening surveillance system for early diagnosis and treatment, awareness programme and further extensive study is needed on risk factor, vector and control measures. Author SummaryThis study aims to explore the risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis. Based on findings there is a need to educate people in high-transmission areas how to realize, reduce or avoid environmental factors that favor the survival of the vector in the community. Similarly introduction of more exact surveillance tools in order to improve morbidity and mortality surveillance by health sector. People living in mud thatched houses need to be aware about cracks and crevices in the mud walls, their function as breeding places and how they can be controlled, for example by plastering with lime and mud.. However, a primary condition is that people need to understand the purpose of all these efforts in order to be motivated to put them into practice.

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Mandal, P., Wagle, R. R., Thakur, A. K., Uranw, S., Ms.Punam Kumari Mandal,Dr.Rajendra Raj Wagle, Ms. Ajoy Kumar Thakur,Dr. Surendra Uranw,. 2019-01-25. \"Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Selected High Endemic Areas of Morang District, Nepal\": A case control Study. https://doi.org/10.1101/530741

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