bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/516104

A keeper of many crypts: the parasitoid Euderus set manipulates the behavior of a taxonomically diverse array of oak gall wasp species

Ward, A. K. G.·Khodor, O. S.·Egan, S. P.·Weinersmith, K. L.·Forbes, A. A.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Parasites of animals and plants can encounter trade-offs between their specificity to any single host and their fitness on alternative hosts. For parasites that manipulate their hosts behavior, the complexity of that manipulation may further limit the parasites host species range. The recently described crypt-keeper wasp, Euderus set, changes the behavior of the gall wasp Bassettia pallida such that B. pallida chews an incomplete exit hole in the side of its larval chamber and \"plugs\" that hole with its head. E. set benefits from this head plug, as it facilitates the escape of the parasitoid from the crypt after it completes development. Here, we ask whether this behavioral manipulator is limited to Bassettia hosts. We find that E. set attacks and manipulates the behavior of at least six additional gall wasp species, and that these hosts are taxonomically diverse. Interestingly, each of E. sets hosts has converged upon similarities in the extended phenotypes they induce in their plant hosts: the galls they induce on oaks share characters that may make them vulnerable to attack by E. set. Behavioral manipulation in this parasitoid system may be less important to its host range than other dimensions of the host-parasitoid interaction, like the hosts physical defenses.

Explore related subjects

ecologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Ward, A. K. G., Khodor, O. S., Egan, S. P., Weinersmith, K. L., Forbes, A. A.. 2019-01-09. A keeper of many crypts: the parasitoid Euderus set manipulates the behavior of a taxonomically diverse array of oak gall wasp species. https://doi.org/10.1101/516104

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Invasion analysis for structured populations: analytical principles and numerical workflows

All real populations show some form of structure--differences among individuals, such as life stage or physiological condition, that shape a species' ability to persist. Yet it remains challenging to incorporate population structure into models of species interactions. We provide a general framework for studying competition in structured populations by quantifying species' invasion growth rates. The crux of our approach is separation of timescales: the initial dynamics of a structured population depend on how exactly it is introduced, but these transient differences do not affect long-term invasion success. Depending on the research question, the relevant long-term growth rate when rare may equivalently be derived using analytical separation of timescales, matrix population theory, or numerical simulations. Using case studies spanning developmental stage, environmental state, and infection status, we illustrate how our methodology derives simple, ecologically meaningful invasion conditions for a variety of systems. Finally, we extend the approach to fluctuating resident dynamics, showing how to use simulations or a general mathematical framework known as Floquet theory to correctly quantify invasion growth. By unifying the quantitative methods of population biology and community ecology, our framework will allow ecologists to study species persistence and coexistence across a greater variety of demographically complex systems.

ecology↗
bioRxiv2026

Interspecific social contacts spread gut microbiota in wild rodent communities

Background: The mammalian gut microbiota influences a wide array of host phenotypes and varies substantially among individuals. Among conspecifics, microbiota composition is strongly shaped by microbial transmission through social interactions, yet the extent to which such transmission also occurs across species boundaries remains poorly understood. Here, we combine high-resolution tracking data collected over more than 10 months with gut microbiota profiling to examine social associations, space use, and microbiota similarity among individuals of three sympatric rodent species - wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mice (A. flavicollis) and bank voles (Myodes glareolus), in two woodlands. By integrating multi-species social networks and spatial overlap with individual microbiota data, we test how both conspecific and interspecific interactions shape gut microbiota composition. Results: At both study sites, social associations strongly predicted microbiota similarity among conspecific individuals, whereas spatial proximity consistently predicted microbiota similarity among interspecific pairs. In addition, social associations between mice of different species predicted microbiota similarity, although this effect was weaker than that observed within species and was asymmetric, with evidence for stronger microbial transmission from wood mice to yellow-necked mice than vice versa. By focusing on species-indicative bacterial taxa, we further show that wood mice with more social connections to yellow-necked mice harboured a greater richness of gut bacteria typical of yellow-necked mice. Conclusions: Together, these results demonstrate that individual-level social behaviour can influence gut microbial transmission across species boundaries, particularly among closely related species with overlapping ecological niches. Interspecific social interactions may therefore represent an underappreciated pathway for the acquisition of novel gut symbionts in multi-species communities.

ecology↗
bioRxiv2026

Microscale nonrandomness revisited: An overlooked predictor of ecological change

Abrupt ecological transitions have driven the development of early warning signal metrics that track how ecological systems respond as external conditions gradually change and systems approach transitions between states. However, their generality and applicability remain uncertain, particularly for short-term ecological dynamics that can occur without directional external change. To address this gap, we propose a general framework based on the hypothesis that microscale nonrandomness, quantified from frequency distributions or spatial patterns, predicts subsequent short-term rates of change in populations and interactions, as well as current macroscale ecosystem states. We applied the framework to four datasets: time series from an incubation experiment of phytoplankton-parasitic chytrid interactions; spatiotemporal field observations of leaf beetles on willow trees and aphids in a crop system; and spatial snapshot data linking soil surface characteristics with aboveground and soil ecosystem properties in a forest vegetations-soil system. We quantified microscale nonrandomness using Morisita I_{delta} from frequency distributions and Moran's I and SADIE from spatial patterns. Across all systems, models incorporating microscale nonrandomness metrics consistently showed greater cross-validated predictive performance than those based on macroscale variables or spatial averages alone. Although their relative performance varied among systems, frequency-based metrics performed as well as or better than spatially explicit metrics in some cases. The consistent improvement across contrasting systems supports the broad applicability of this framework, including under limited data conditions. This framework broadens ecological forecasting to short-term, continuous dynamics beyond those associated with directional environmental change.

ecology↗