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bioRxiv · 10.1101/403204

Lineage calling can identify antibiotic resistant clones within minutes

Brinda, K.·Callendrello, A.·Cowley, L.·Charalampous, T.·Lee, R. S.·MacFadden, D. R.·Kucherov, G.·O'Grady, J.·Baym, M.·Hanage, W. P.
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Abstract

Surveillance of drug-resistant bacteria is essential for healthcare providers to deliver effective empiric antibiotic therapy. However, traditional molecular epidemiology does not typically occur on a timescale that could impact patient treatment and outcomes. Here we present a method called genomic neighbor typing for inferring the phenotype of a bacterial sample by identifying its closest relatives in a database of genomes with metadata. We show that this technique can infer antibiotic susceptibility and resistance for both S. pneumoniae and N. gonorrhoeae. We implemented this with rapid k-mer matching, which, when used on Oxford Nanopore MinION data, can run in real time. This resulted in determination of resistance within ten minutes (sens/spec 91%/100% for S. pneumoniae and 81%/100% N. gonorrhoeae from isolates with a representative database) of sequencing starting, and for clinical metagenomic sputum samples (75%/100% for S. pneumoniae), within four hours of sample collection. This flexible approach has wide application to pathogen surveillance and may be used to greatly accelerate appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment.

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Brinda, K., Callendrello, A., Cowley, L., Charalampous, T., Lee, R. S., MacFadden, D. R., Kucherov, G., O'Grady, J., Baym, M., Hanage, W. P.. 2018-08-29. Lineage calling can identify antibiotic resistant clones within minutes. https://doi.org/10.1101/403204

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