Expression of SULTR2;2 in the Arabidopsis bundle sheath is mediated by a highly conserved positive regulator

Abstract

The bundle sheath provides a conduit linking veins and mesophyll cells. In C3 Arabidopsis thaliana it also plays important roles in oxidative stress and sulphur metabolism. However, the mechanisms responsible for the patterns of gene expression that underpin these metabolic specialisations are poorly understood. Here we used the A. thaliana SULTR2;2 gene as a model to better understand mechanisms that restrict expression to the bundle sheath. Deletion analysis indicated that the SULTR2;2 promoter contains a short region necessary for expression in the bundle sheath. This sequence acts as a positive regulator and is tolerant to multiple consecutive deletions indicating considerable redundancy in the cis-elements involved. It is highly conserved in SULTR2;2 genes of the Brassicaceae and is functional in the distantly related C4 species Flaveria bidentis that belongs to the Asteraceae. We conclude that expression of SULTR2;2 in the bundle sheath is underpinned by a highly redundant sequence that likely represents an ancient and conserved mechanism found in families as diverse as the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae.