Integrative spatial multi-omics reveals prognostic tumor niches in female genital tumors

Xu, T.; Lin, S.; Wu, Y.; He, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, P.; Zhao, L.; Yang, W.; Ye, M.; Zhang, R.; Wen, L.; Ren, P.; Luo, C.; Zeng, Z.; Meng, Y.

doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690313

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.11.24.690313

Integrative spatial multi-omics reveals prognostic tumor niches in female genital tumors

Xu, T.·Lin, S.·Wu, Y.·He, Y.·Zhang, Z.·Zhao, Y.·Zhang, P.·Zhao, L.·Yang, W.·Ye, M.·Zhang, R.·Wen, L.·Ren, P.·Luo, C.·Zeng, Z.·Meng, Y.

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Abstract

Female genital tumors (FGTs), including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers, pose a major global health challenge, yet their spatial and molecular determinants of progression and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. Here we present a large-scale integrative spatial and multi-omics atlas of FGTs, combining exome, transcriptome, methylome, and miRNA sequencing with high-resolution Visium HD spatial transcriptomics, profiling over 62 million cells from 100 tumors. We show that HPV-driven suppression of TGF{beta} signaling in cervical cancer disrupts myofibroblast (myCAF) formation and reshapes immune infiltration, while serous tumors exhibit extensive oncogene amplifications that activate MYC and PI3K pathways, linking chromosomal instability (CIN) to proliferative, immune-cold phenotypes. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer, we identify a previously unrecognized malignant domain, the Proliferating Core Desert (PCD) niche, defined by CIN-high epithelial enrichment, immune exclusion, stromal protection, and chemotherapy resistance, maintained through crosstalk with macrophages and fibroblasts. Finally, we develop POWER, a pathology foundation model that predicts PCD niche abundance from routine H&E slides, enabling robust stratification of prognosis and anti-angiogenic therapy response.

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Xu, T., Lin, S., Wu, Y., He, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhang, P., Zhao, L., Yang, W., Ye, M., Zhang, R., Wen, L., Ren, P., Luo, C., Zeng, Z., Meng, Y.. 2025-11-28. Integrative spatial multi-omics reveals prognostic tumor niches in female genital tumors. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.24.690313

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