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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.09.30.679494

Neural basis of social-categorization function of language

Zheng, G.·Han, S.
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Abstract

Languages provide social-category markers that tag people as one or another social group. How does the brain sort words into different language categories as a basis of the social-categorization function of language? We addressed this issue by testing neural categorization of visual words of different writing systems in nine studies using electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and a repetition suppression paradigm. We showed that a neural network, including the anterior temporal, insular, orbital frontal, and ventral occipito-temporal cortices in both hemispheres, was engaged in computations of correlation distances between two words to represent intra-language similarity and inter-language difference during categorization of visual words of alphabetic and non-alphabetic languages. These processes occurred as early as 150 ms post-stimulus, recruited within-hemisphere functional connections, operated independently of words semantic meanings and pronunciations, and exhibited consistently across individuals with diverse language backgrounds. These findings highlight the neural mechanisms of language-based spontaneous neural categorization of visual words as a basis of the social-categorization function of language.

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Zheng, G., Han, S.. 2025-10-02. Neural basis of social-categorization function of language. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.30.679494

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