Antitachycardia Pacing is More Effective When Delivered to the Left Bundle Branch Area Compared to the Right Ventricle in a Pre-clinical Model of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia

Abstract

BackgroundAnti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) delivered from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) provides critically timed pacing pulses to terminate ventricular tachycardia (VT). Physiological pacing through left bundle branch area (LBBA) pacing has emerged as a clinically relevant alternative to induce synchronous activation of the ventricles. The main objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ATP delivered to an LBBA lead and a conventional RV lead. MethodsUsing a preclinical animal model (n=7), pacing leads were implanted in the RV apex and LBBA and connected to ICDs. The left anterior descending artery was occluded for two hours to cause an ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Four days following IRI, VT episodes were induced using programmed electrical stimulation (PES), and burst ATP therapy was delivered to the RV or LBBA leads for each VT episode. ResultsVT was induced 80 times, with a mean VT cycle length (VT CL) of 180.0{+/-}30.0 ms. ATP delivered to the LBBA terminated VT more often than RV ATP (70.2% vs 47.3%, P = 0.04), and there was no significant difference in negative outcomes of VT acceleration or VF induction. Activation sequences from the basket catheter were determined for the pre-therapy VT and captured ATP beats, and correlation coefficients were computed to the activation sequences during ATP delivery. The number of ATP pulses required for the activation sequences to correlate with the captured ATP pattern rather than the pre-therapy VT pattern was lower for LBBA ATP compared to RV ATP (4.1 vs. 5.1 beats, P = 0.04). Successful LBBA ATP demonstrated earlier and more frequent Purkinje activations preceding myocardial activation than successful RV ATP. ConclusionImproved performance of LBBA ATP compared to RV ATP provides further incentive for the wide use of LBBA leads in patients who need cardiac electrotherapy.