Impact of Sugar-Based Baits on Midgut Microbiome Composition in Aedes Mosquitoes: Implications for Vector Control

Abstract

Many severe mosquito-borne diseases are transmitted by the Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Control efforts have been strengthened by the implementation of novel integrated vector management techniques such as alginate hydrogel beads and appealing toxic sugar bait. These techniques help to control mosquitoes by taking advantage of their attraction to sugar. Different types of sugar that mosquitoes ingest during feeding can affect the makeup of microbiome in the midgut. Immune priming and baseline immune activity are maintained by mosquito midgut microbiome. Thus, this study is currently focusing on using microbial communities for vector control measures with a particular emphasis on how they consume various forms of sugar. Both wild and lab strain Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquito samples were reared and fed with attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) infused with Chrysanthemum, mango, mix and control solutions. Then, the impact on bacterial communities was assessed by using 16S rRNA gene sequences. According to our findings, the majority of the bacterial species in mango and mix treatments belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. A total of 24 various bacterial species were found in Aedes mosquitoes that fed on mango ATSBs. All isolates were members of three phyla from Actinobacteria (4.16%), Firmicutes (54.17%), and Proteobacteria (41.67%). Data reveals that different species, strains and diet affect the midgut bacterial diversity in the mosquitoes. In addition to improving our knowledge concerning the way this bacterium shapes the microbial community, a thorough investigation of the prevalence of the midgut bacterial community is essential for alerting present and future mosquito and disease control initiatives.