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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.06.22.660908

Discovery of an Achiral Small Molecule TREM2 Agonist with Im-proved Pharmacokinetic Profile and Validated Target Engagement

Yuan, S.·El Gaamouch, F.·Cho, S.·Kuncewicz, K.·Nada, H.·Gabr, M.
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Abstract

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a lipid-sensing immunoreceptor on microglia that has emerged as a therapeutic target for Alzheimers disease. Here, we report the discovery of C1, an achiral structural analog of VG-3927--the first small molecule TREM2 agonist to enter clinical development. C1 was synthesized via a modular and enantioselective-free route using sequential Suzuki couplings, enabling rapid scaffold diversification. Compared to VG-3927, the stereochemically simplified derivative (C1) exhibits superior microglial phagocytosis and validated target engagement. C1 induces TREM2 activation in HEK293-hTREM2/DAP12 cells, and its direct binding to TREM2 was confirmed using both microscale thermophoresis (MST) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Importantly, C1 also demonstrates a superior pharmacokinetic profile to VG-3927, including enhanced metabolic stability in human and mouse microsomes, favorable PAMPA permeability, and a LogD7.4 compatible with CNS penetration. Docking studies suggested a potential binding mode of C1 at the extracellular domain of TREM2, revealing key polar and hydrophobic interactions. These findings position C1 as a synthetically accessible and pharmacokinetically favorable lead for the development of TREM2-targeted therapies

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Yuan, S., El Gaamouch, F., Cho, S., Kuncewicz, K., Nada, H., Gabr, M.. 2025-06-26. Discovery of an Achiral Small Molecule TREM2 Agonist with Im-proved Pharmacokinetic Profile and Validated Target Engagement. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.22.660908

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