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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.03.23.644841

Using rotational integration of oblique interferometric scattering (RO-iSCAT) to track axial spatiotemporal responses of membrane protrusions

Lee, W. M.·Liu, J.·Lim, Y. J.·Herrmann, D.·Timpson, P.·Phan, T.·Liu, H.·Guo, M.
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Abstract

Despite the crucial importance of dynamic membrane protrusions for understanding phagocytosis, cellular communication and mechanobiology, current imaging modalities struggle to quantitatively track their real-time, 3D spatiotemporal dynamics with sufficient molecular specificity and minimal perturbation. Many membrane protrusions studies still utilize confocal microscopy where its axial resolution and high phototoxicity remains a key limiting factor for live axial imaging. We discovered that multiple rotational oblique interference scattering (RO-iSCAT) leverages off-axis illumination to induce a larger lateral shift in out-of-focus iSCAT signals compared to in-focus signals. This phenomenon provides a foundation to generate speckle-free widefield interferometric signals with a 10-fold signal to noise ratio improvement, eliminating the need for any background subtraction. RO-iSCAT enables real-time, label-free, and minimally invasive imaging of diverse membrane protrusions within complex co-cultures. RO-iSCAT enables nanoscale-sensitive tracking of membrane protrusion dynamics along the axial direction. This allows for the construction of dynamic axial variance maps, facilitating quantitative measurements of membrane protrusion formation at tens to hundreds of nanometer displacements, without requiring 3D volumetric imaging. RO-iSCAT empowers real time quantitatively dissection of the axial spatiotemporal complexities of membrane protrusions and unlock future insights into fundamental processes like cell migration, durotaxis, and intercellular communication. Key pointsO_LIDiscovered that multiple integrated rotational oblique interference scattering (RO-iSCAT) generates speckle-free widefield interferometric signals with a 10-fold signal to noise ratio improvement, eliminating the need for any background subtraction. C_LIO_LIRemoved need for 3D volumetric imaging to quantified axial motion of membrane protrusion forming tethers, trails and bridge with within [~] tens of nanometer accuracy. C_LIO_LIEnabled classification of membrane protrusions that, despite possessing identical chemical compositions, are differentiated by their interactions, thus offering a qualitative comparison of membrane protrusions at the nanoscale in living cells. C_LI Summary Figure O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=130 SRC="FIGDIR/small/644841v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (38K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b183a4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@39a944org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@197f019org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1438b3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

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Lee, W. M., Liu, J., Lim, Y. J., Herrmann, D., Timpson, P., Phan, T., Liu, H., Guo, M.. 2025-03-25. Using rotational integration of oblique interferometric scattering (RO-iSCAT) to track axial spatiotemporal responses of membrane protrusions. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.23.644841

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