Predicting Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Qin, Y.; Chhetri, P.; Theusch, E.; Lim, G.; Teker, S.; Kuang, Y.-L.; Aziziraftar, S. K.; Mehraban, M. H.; Munoz-Howell, A.; Saxena, V.; Le Guillou, D.; Mattis, A. N.; Maher, J. J.; Medina, M. N.

doi:10.1101/2025.01.13.632567

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2025.01.13.632567

Predicting Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Qin, Y.·Chhetri, P.·Theusch, E.·Lim, G.·Teker, S.·Kuang, Y.-L.·Aziziraftar, S. K.·Mehraban, M. H.·Munoz-Howell, A.·Saxena, V.·Le Guillou, D.·Mattis, A. N.·Maher, J. J.·Medina, M. N.

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Abstract

Background and AimsMetabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is reversible at early stages, making early identification of high-risk individuals clinically valuable. Previously, we demonstrated that patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring MASLD DNA risk variants exhibit greater oleate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation than those without these variants. This study aimed to develop an iPSC-based MASLD risk predictor using functional lipid accumulation assessments. MethodsWe quantified oleate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in iPSCs derived from three cohorts of diverse ancestry: 1) CIRM cohort (20 biopsy-confirmed MASH cases, 2 biopsy-confirmed MASLD cases, 17 controls), 2) POST cohort (18 MASLD cases, 17 controls), and 3) UCSF cohort (4 biopsy-confirmed MASH cases, 8 controls). Lipid accumulation levels in the CIRM cohort were used to define an iPSC-based MASLD risk score, which was used to predict case/control status in the POST and UCSF cohorts. ResultsIn all three cohorts, lipid accumulation was higher in MASLD/MASH cases vs. controls (CIRM cases vs. controls 3.32 {+/-} 0.25 vs. 2.70 {+/-} 0.19 -fold change, p=0.06; POST cases vs. controls 3.63 {+/-} 0.33 vs. 2.70 {+/-} 0.31, p=0.05; and UCSF cases vs. controls 4.39{+/-}0.46 vs. 2.03{+/-}0.20, p=0.0002). The iPSC-based MASLD risk score achieved a sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 75% in the POST cohort and 75% and 100%, respectively, in the UCSF cohort. Differences in cohort disease severity and cardiometabolic profiles may explain performance variability. ConclusionWhile validation in larger cohorts is needed, these findings suggest that oleate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in subject-derived iPSCs is predictive of MASH development. Additional cellular phenotypes and donor information should be explored to improve predictive accuracy to inform MASLD surveillance and prevention strategies.

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Qin, Y., Chhetri, P., Theusch, E., Lim, G., Teker, S., Kuang, Y.-L., Aziziraftar, S. K., Mehraban, M. H., Munoz-Howell, A., Saxena, V., Le Guillou, D., Mattis, A. N., Maher, J. J., Medina, M. N.. 2025-01-15. Predicting Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.13.632567

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