Finding Salient Multi-Omic Interactomes Relevant to Multiple Biomedical Outcomes using Graph Ensemble Neural Networks

Abstract

Although multi-omics integration relevant to patient outcome is typically characterized by an analyte interactome, current multi-omic integration methods either (1) model outcome without directly including associations between analytes, (2) model the interactome without directly evaluating the saliency of the model in the context of outcome, or (3) model outcome in a high-dimensional parameter space not suitable for small sample sizes (which are common in multi-omics studies). We introduce Graph Ensemble Neural Network (GENN), a methodology that learns the interactome most predictive of outcome in a low-dimensional parameter space built on complementary attributes for all possible analyte associations (metafeatures). We show that GENN is robust to noise in measurements using a theoretical model, outperforms the predictive performance of existing methods when evaluated on Tegafur drug response in NCI-60 cancer cell line data, and uncovers potentially novel multi-omic mechanisms driving total serum IgE levels in pediatric asthma and patient survival in glioblastomas.