bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.11.11.622840

Regulating of Koisio technology-produced fluid on Vascular Adventitial Interstitial Fluid flow and its Effect on heart rate by delivering Esmolol

Li, B.·Cai, J.·Ma, C.·Hu, J.·Li, H.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Acupoint-originated interstitial fluid (ISF) circulatory network along the vasculature has been demonstrated to play a role as an extravascular drug delivery pathway. We aim to reveal the regulation of Koisio technology-produced fluid (KF), which is rich in Ultra-small Particle Size Nanobubbles (UsNBs), on vascular adventitial ISF flow and its Effect on heart rate by delivering Esmolol. In animal experiments, using real-time fluorescent imaging technology, it was found that: when normal saline-fluorescent liquid was given at Kunlun acupoint, the velocity of the adventitial ISF along the femoral vein was measured to be about 600 m/sec, and the width of the tunica ISF channel on the adventitia surface of the femoral vein was about 210m; when KF-fluorescent liquid was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of Kunlun acupoint, the velocity of the adventitia ISF slowed down by about 24% compared with before; the width of the tunica ISF channel on the adventitia surface of the femoral vein increased by about 35% compared with before; When 150L of KF with high-concentration UsNBs was injected into Kunlun acupoint, it was observed that the adventitial ISF flow velocity was decreased by 43%, and recovered after 30 minutes. Administration of normal saline-esmolol solution at Kunlun acupoint caused the heart rate to drop from 410 bpm to 380 bpm, a decrease of 7.3%, which continued for 5 minutes before recovery. Administration of KF-esmolol solution at Kunlun acupoint caused the heart rate to drop from 410 bpm to 371 bpm, a decrease of 9.5%, which continued for 15 minutes before recovery. Thus, acupoint injection of KF can regulate the velocity of the adventitia ISF flow along the femoral vein and increase the width of the tunica ISF channel. These results may reveal a new mechanism of the physiological effect of Koisio drinking water rich in ultra-small particle size nanobubbles. KF may not only regulate the acupoint-originated ISF circulatory system, but also play a role in adventitial drug delivery, nutrient supply, and waste removal.

Explore related subjects

physiologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Li, B., Cai, J., Ma, C., Hu, J., Li, H.. 2024-11-14. Regulating of Koisio technology-produced fluid on Vascular Adventitial Interstitial Fluid flow and its Effect on heart rate by delivering Esmolol. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.11.622840

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

Cholinergic impairment in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus during experimental Alzheimer's disease

Cholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) in the brainstem are a key source of efferent vagus nerve fibers that regulate vital functions, including heart rate and inflammation. Whether the integrity of DMN cholinergic neurons is affected during Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown. Here, in female and male mice with experimental AD (5xFAD), which exhibit age-dependent memory impairment, basal forebrain cholinergic neurodegeneration, and microglial alterations, we observe a reduction in cholinergic neuron density in the DMN at 6 and 10 months of age. Furthermore, while an important physiological function of DMN cholinergic signaling, such as suppression of heart rate, is preserved in control mice upon electrical DMN stimulation, the extent of suppression diminishes with age in both female and male 5xFAD mice. In addition, while electrical DMN stimulation lowers pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in control mice subjected to endotoxemia, this anti-inflammatory effect is diminished with age in 5xFAD mice, with females showing earlier dysfunction at 6 months. These results reveal previously unrecognized age-dependent cholinergic deficits in the DMN and disrupted brain - to - periphery vagus nerve circuits in experimental AD. These findings advance our understanding of AD mechanisms and are of interest for the development of conceptually novel therapies.

physiology↗
bioRxiv2026

Ketogenic diet is protective during endotoxin-induced lung injury through the elevation of BHB

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is marked by severe pulmonary edema and concomitant hypoxia, affecting hundreds of thousands of people a year, especially those in critical care conditions or suffering from septic shock. Previous studies have implicated that the ketogenic diet, a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet, modulates inflammatory responses. However, the impact of the ketogenic diet on septic ARDS outcomes is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that mice on a ketogenic diet showed strikingly reduced lung injury and inflammation compared to those on a control diet during a murine model of endotoxin-induced lung injury, induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Immune mass cytometry studies on lung tissue indicated that the ketogenic diet reduces immune cell infiltration. Treating mice with beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the primary metabolite of ketogenesis, after the onset of ARDS reduced pulmonary edema and lung inflammation, as well as NF-kB activity, suggesting strong therapeutic potential. By multiplex analysis in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, we observed that the ketogenic diet or BHB administration attenuates the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. Altogether, our findings reveal that the ketogenic diet provides lung protection during endotoxin-induced lung injury through BHB.

physiology↗
bioRxiv2026

Efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen replacement in SIV-infected female macaques on antiretroviral therapy.

The success of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV to levels approaching that of uninfected individuals. For women living with HIV (WLWH), this means that more will survive to undergo menopause and experience the consequences of decreased ovarian hormone levels, particularly estrogen (E2). The recent change in federal guidance for use of postmenopausal hormone therapy is increasing demand for both E2-alone and E2+progestogen formulations to control adverse symptoms of menopause. The consequences and efficacy of hormone therapy in WLWH are thus an important issue for WLWH and their healthcare providers. The role of E2 replacement in postmenopausal WLWH is a significant issue because of its potential effects on control the viral reservoir and its demonstrated beneficial metabolic effects in uninfected postmenopausal women. To address these questions, we employed a novel nonhuman primate model of postmenopausal WLWH undergoing E2 replacement. Reproductively competent female rhesus macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and then subjected to a daily ART regimen. After complete suppression of plasma viremia, all animals were ovariectomized (OVX) and then implanted with Silastic capsules containing either cholesterol vehicle or sufficient E2 to restore pre-OVX plasma levels. Plasma and cell-associated viral dynamics, immune responses, body composition, systemic and tissue-specific metabolic parameters, cytokine profiles, and parameters of bone health were followed longitudinally from baseline through 34 weeks of E2 deficiency or replacement. We found that E2 status did not significantly affect plasma or tissue viral dynamics or overall metabolic homeostasis. However, E2 replacement exerted beneficial effects on several aspects of bone health in spite of a chronic inflammatory state that persisted following effective ART suppression of the SIV reservoir. Our findings suggest that hormone therapy, specifically E2 replacement, offers benefit to WLWH, particularly with respect to bone loss.

physiology↗