Lipid Disbalance Affects Neuronal Dendrite Growth and Maintenance in a Human Ceramide Synthase Disease Model

Abstract

The brain is susceptible to disturbances in lipid metabolism. Among the rare, genetically-linked epilepsies Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8 (PME8), associated with the loss of Ceramide Synthase (CerS) activity, causes epileptic symptoms accompanied by neurodegenerative traits. We show that expression of a disease-causing cerS allele in Drosophila sensory neurons yielded developmental and degenerative dendrite loss. In cerS mutants, C18-C24 ceramides and membrane-forming complex sphingolipids, into which ceramides are converted, were reduced. At the same time bioactive signaling lipids including (dh)Sphingosine-1-P, deriving from the CerS substrate, were increased. To clarifying the etiology of PME8, we thus performed in vivo experiments to cell-autonomously rescue the individual metabolic alterations. We report that restoring specific long-chain ceramides while in parallel decreasing (dh)Sphingosine-1-P fully rescues the cerS mutant phenotype. Thus, despite the complex metabolic alterations, our data provide essential information about the metabolic origin of PME8 and delineate a potential therapy.