Single-cell virology: On-chip, quantitative characterization of the dynamics of virus spread from one single cell to another

Liu, W.; Wilke, C. O.; Arnold, J. J.; Sotoudegan, M. S.; Cameron, C. E.

doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.615011

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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.09.25.615011

Single-cell virology: On-chip, quantitative characterization of the dynamics of virus spread from one single cell to another

Liu, W.·Wilke, C. O.·Arnold, J. J.·Sotoudegan, M. S.·Cameron, C. E.

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Abstract

Virus spread at the single-cell level is largely uncharacterized. We have designed and constructed a microfluidic device in which each nanowell contained a single, infected cell (donor) and a single, uninfected cell (recipient). Using a GFP-expressing poliovirus as our model, we observed both lytic and non-lytic spread. Donor cells supporting lytic spread established infection earlier than those supporting non-lytic spread. However, non-lytic spread established infections in recipient cells substantially faster than lytic spread and yielded higher rates of genome replication. While lytic spread was sensitive to the presence of capsid entry/uncoating inhibitors, non-lytic spread was not. Consistent with emerging models for non-lytic spread of enteroviruses using autophagy, reduction of LC3 levels in cells impaired non-lytic spread and elevated the fraction of virus in donor cells spreading lytically. The ability to distinguish lytic and non-lytic spread unambiguously will enable discovery of viral and host factors and host pathways used for non-lytic spread of enteroviruses and other viruses as well.

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Liu, W., Wilke, C. O., Arnold, J. J., Sotoudegan, M. S., Cameron, C. E.. 2024-09-26. Single-cell virology: On-chip, quantitative characterization of the dynamics of virus spread from one single cell to another. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.25.615011

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