Glutamine-addiction in cisplatin resistant cancer cells is mediated by SLC7A11 and can be targeted with asparaginase therapy

Abstract

Linking disease phenotypes with molecular targets is key to the rational design of treatment interventions. Resistance to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin is one of the major factors limiting the clinical utility of this therapy, which is central to the treatment of a variety of solid malignancies. In this study, we couple the upregulation of a chemoresistant factor, the glutamate-cystine antiporter SLC7A11, with the addiction of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells to extracellular glutamine. In doing so, we thus provide a putative biomarker for this acquired metabolic dependency of chemoresistance. Subsequently, we evaluate various therapeutic strategies to selectively kill SLC7A11high cisplatin-resistant cancer cells, identifying cross-resistance to ferroptosis-inducing compounds and hypersensitivity to glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. We identify enzymatic depletion of extracellular glutamine using the long-standing anti-leukemic therapy asparaginase (ASNase), which possesses glutaminase activity, as a potential approach, and show this can be successfully combined with cisplatin in cell models. In summary, this study mechanistically links an acquired metabolic dependency of chemoresistant cancer cells with a putative biomarker and provides a potentially actionable strategy to target these drug resistant cells warranting further investigation.