KIRA6 is an effective and versatile mast cell inhibitor of IgE-mediated activation

Abstract

Incidents of IgE-mediated, mast cell (MC)-driven allergic diseases are constantly rising and there is an urgent need for the development of novel pharmacological MC stabilizers. Allergen/antigen (Ag)-triggered activation of MCs via crosslinking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc{varepsilon}RI) is regulated, amongst others, by the coordinated action of various cytosolic tyrosine kinases of the SRC family, e.g. LYN and FYN, which exert positive as well as negative functions. We report that KIRA6, an inhibitor developed for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1, suppresses IgE-mediated pro-inflammatory MC activation by inhibiting both LYN and FYN. KIRA6 dose-dependently and effectively attenuates Ag-stimulated early signaling (e.g. substrate tyrosine phosphorylation, Ca2+ mobilization, and activation of MAPK pathways) as well as effector functions such as degranulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production/secretion in murine bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs). Moreover, Ag-triggered bronchoconstriction in an ex vivo model of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), and IgE-mediated stimulation of human MCs were repressed by KIRA6. To get in-depth inside into KIRA6 interaction with three MC-relevant tyrosine kinases, LYN, FYN, and KIT, and to elicit the potential of KIRA6 structure to serve as pharmacophore for the development of respective single-, dual-, or triple-specificity inhibitors, we modeled and evaluated the binding of KIRA6 on the three kinases by applying homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, as well as MM GBSA calculations. We found that KIRA6 has a high propensity to bind the inactive state of LYN, FYN, and KIT with comparable affinities. In conclusion, our data suggest the use of novel inhibitors based on the KIRA6 pharmacophore as effective MC stabilizers to improve treatment of pro-inflammatory diseases with MC involvement in need of effective pharmacological interventions.