Dual targeting of GPX4 and TXNRD1 triggers eradication of AML cells through induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis

Abstract

MyeloDysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematological disorders characterized by bone marrow failure and abnormal hematopoietic cell expansion, often progressing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Current treatments for AML and high-risk MDS have limited efficacy, requiring the exploration of new therapeutic approaches. Recent research highlighted the potential of inducing cell death through ferroptosis, either independently or alongside traditional chemotherapy, as promising approaches for treating MDS/AML cells. We described here two novel compounds, HA344 and #231, capable of targeting both ferroptosis and apoptosis, leading to the effective eradication of cell lines and primary blasts from MDS/AML patients, while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. RNASeq analysis identified oxidation reduction and apoptotic processes as highly significant induced pathways in two different AML cell lines. Using click-chemistry approaches coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) as the main targets of HA344 and #231 in a large panel of AML cells. Accordingly, both compounds inhibited GPX4 and TXNRD1 activity in the micromolar range and triggered GPX4 degradation. Moreover, using recombinant GPX4 carrying or not a selenium (GPX4-Se and GPX4-S), we confirmed by mass spectrometry that HA344 and #231 bind more efficiently GPX4-Se than GPX4-S. In conclusion, these compounds might represent a new pharmacological approach in the treatment of MDS and AML, offering a potential avenue for future therapies.