Human airway macrophages are metabolically reprogrammed by IFN-γ resulting in glycolysis dependent functional plasticity.

Cox, D. J.; Connolly, S. A.; Maoldomhnaigh, C. O.; Brugman, A. A.; Thomas, O. S.; Duffin, E.; O'Connell, F.; Phelan, J. J.; Gogan, K. M.; Gleeson, L. E.; Basdeo, S. A.; Keane, J.

doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.585747

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.03.20.585747

Human airway macrophages are metabolically reprogrammed by IFN-γ resulting in glycolysis dependent functional plasticity.

Cox, D. J.·Connolly, S. A.·Maoldomhnaigh, C. O.·Brugman, A. A.·Thomas, O. S.·Duffin, E.·O'Connell, F.·Phelan, J. J.·Gogan, K. M.·Gleeson, L. E.·Basdeo, S. A.·Keane, J.

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Abstract

Airway macrophages (AM) are the predominant immune cell in the lung and play a crucial role in preventing infection, making them a target for host directed therapy. Macrophage effector functions are associated with cellular metabolism. A knowledge gap remains in understanding metabolic reprogramming and functional plasticity of distinct human macrophage subpopulations, especially in lung resident AM. We examined tissue-resident AM and monocyte derived macrophages (MDM; as a model of blood derived macrophages) in their resting state and after priming with IFN-{gamma} or IL-4 to model the Th1/Th2 axis in the lung. Human macrophages, regardless of origin, had a strong induction of glycolysis in response to IFN-{gamma} or upon stimulation. IFN-{gamma} significantly enhanced cellular energetics in both AM and MDM by upregulating both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Upon stimulation, AM do not decrease oxidative phosphorylation unlike MDM which shift to "Warburg"-like metabolism. IFN-{gamma} priming promoted cytokine secretion in AM. Blocking glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose significantly reduced IFN-{gamma} driven cytokine production in AM, indicating that IFN-{gamma} induces functional plasticity in human AM, which is mechanistically mediated by glycolysis. Directly comparing responses between macrophages, AM were more responsive to IFN-{gamma} priming and dependent on glycolysis for cytokine secretion than MDM. Interestingly, TNF production was under the control of glycolysis in AM and not in MDM. MDM exhibited glycolysis-dependent upregulation of HLA-DR and CD40, whereas IFN-{gamma} upregulated HLA-DR and CD40 on AM independently of glycolysis. These data indicate that human AM are functionally plastic and respond to IFN-{gamma} in a manner distinct from MDM. These data provide evidence that human AM are a tractable target for inhalable immunomodulatory therapies for respiratory diseases.

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Cox, D. J., Connolly, S. A., Maoldomhnaigh, C. O., Brugman, A. A., Thomas, O. S., Duffin, E., O'Connell, F., Phelan, J. J., Gogan, K. M., Gleeson, L. E., Basdeo, S. A., Keane, J.. 2024-03-25. Human airway macrophages are metabolically reprogrammed by IFN-γ resulting in glycolysis dependent functional plasticity.. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.20.585747

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