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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2024.02.15.580546

Performance of GPT-4 on the American College of Radiology In-Service Examination

Payne, D. L.·Purohit, K.·Borrero, W. M.·Chung, K.·Hao, M.·Mpoy, M.·Jin, M.·Prasanna, P.·Hill, V.
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Abstract

ObjectivesNo study has evaluated the ability of ChatGPT-4 to answer image-rich diagnostic radiology board exam questions or assessed for model drift in GPT-4s image interpretation abilities. In our study we evaluate GPT-4s performance on the American College of Radiology (ACR) 2022 Diagnostic Radiology In-Training Examination (DXIT). MethodsQuestions were sequentially input into GPT-4 with a standardized prompt. Each answer was recorded and overall accuracy was calculated, as was logic-adjusted accuracy, and accuracy on image-based questions. This experiment was repeated several months later to assess for model drift. ResultsGPT-4 achieved 58.5% overall accuracy, lower than the PGY-3 average (61.9%) but higher than the PGY-2 average (52.8%). Adjusted accuracy was 52.8%. GPT-4 showed significantly higher (p = 0.012) confidence for correct answers (87.1%) compared to incorrect (84.0%). Performance on image-based questions was notably poorer (p < 0.001) at 45.4% compared to text-only questions (80.0%), with adjusted accuracy for image questions of 36.4%. When the questions were repeated, GPT-4 chose a different answer 25.5% of the time and there was a small but insignificant decrease in accuracy. DiscussionGPT-4 performed between PGY-2 and PGY-3 levels on the 2022 DXIT, but significantly poorer on image-based questions, and with large variability in answer choices across time points. This study underscores the potential and risks of using minimally-prompted general AI models in interpreting radiologic images as a diagnostic tool. Implementers of general AI radiology systems should exercise caution given the possibility of spurious yet confident responses.

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Payne, D. L., Purohit, K., Borrero, W. M., Chung, K., Hao, M., Mpoy, M., Jin, M., Prasanna, P., Hill, V.. 2024-02-20. Performance of GPT-4 on the American College of Radiology In-Service Examination. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.15.580546

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