Discovery of Alkenyl Oxindole as a Novel PROTAC Moiety for Targeted Protein Degradation via CRL4DCAF11 Recruitment

Abstract

Alkenyl oxindoles have been characterized as autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTECs), which can target mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) for lysosomal degradation. In order to expand the application of alkenyl oxindoles for targeted protein degradation, we designed and synthesized a series of hetero-bifunctional compounds by conjugating different alkenyl oxindoles with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1. Through structure-activity relationship study, we successfully developed JQ1-alkenyl oxindole conjugates that potently degrade BRD4. Unexpectedly, we found that these molecules degrade BRD4 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, rather than the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Using pooled CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screening, we revealed that JQ1-alkenyl oxindole conjugates recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4DCAF11 for substrate degradation. Furthermore, we validated the most potent hetero-bifunctional molecule HL435 as a promising drug-like lead compound to exert antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Our research provides new employable PROTAC moieties for targeted protein degradation, providing new possibilities for drug discovery.