In vitro, Evaluation for Consumption Ratio for certain plants and Toxicity and Biochemical Parameters of some Insecticides on Eobania vermiculata.

Abstract

Land snails are one of the most harmful agricultural pests to crops, causing economic devastation to a variety of plants. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal food preference of land snails, Eobania vermiculata, and evaluate the mortality and biochemical activity of five pesticides using a leaf dipping technique against them in vitro. The findings revealed that in "no-choice feeding," it was observed that land snails consumed a significantly higher amount of Cos lettuce leaves compared to leaves from other plants. However, chicory leaves were found to be the least preferred by the snails. On the other hand, "free choice feeding," revealed that land snails showed a preference for Cos lettuce and cabbage leaves, which were consumed more frequently. Conversely, Komatsuna leaves had the lowest acceptance among the snails. Also, the results indicated the mortality rate increased with an increased concentration during exposure time. After three days, the lower concentrations of Sulfoxaflor and Fipronil caused a high mortality percentage in the animals compared with other pesticides, respectively. Moreover, after one month of exposure to 1000 ppm/100 ml, Chlorantraniliprole caused 46.43% mortality. But Sulfoxaflor and Fipronil exhibited (42.86%) mortality. They achieved LC50 (1010.48, 2501.93, and 1444.66 ppm/100ml), against tested snails, respectively. Nevertheless, Spinetoram and Spirotetramat caused a lower mortality rate. During seven days of exposure to LC25 for five pesticides by leaf dipping on E. vermiculata. They impacted some of the biochemical activity of two enzymes: alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), total proteins (LP), and the lipid profile of E. vermiculata. The results showed that the activities of ALT, AST, and Triglycerides rose by 50%, with 108 u/l, 407 u/l, and 2064 mg/dl, respectively. Compared to the control and other compounds, Spirotetramat raised total cholesterol by 33 mg/dl. ALT and AST activity and Triglycerides lowered following Spinetoram and Fipronil treatment at 13 u/l, 32u/l, and (4 mg/dl) of TL, respectively. However, no substantial treatments or controls that influence TP, (Total cholesterol and LDH) or LP levels after the exposure period are available. Ultimately, the results indicated that both Cos lettuce and cabbage leaves were the preferred food choices for land snails, as observed in both feeding methods. However, it is important to note that these findings also highlight the need to consider the impact of insecticides on land snails. Incorporating these insecticides into a comprehensive management strategy to mitigate any negative effects of land snails while ensuring the overall well-being of the environment.