First Molecular Detection of Influenza D virus in Cattle from Commercial farm in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa

Anjorin, A.-A. A.; Moronkeji, G. O.; Temenu, G. O.; Maiyegun, O. A.; Fakorede, C. O.; Ajoseh, S. O.; Salami, W. O.; Abegunrin, R. O.; Amisu, K. O.; Akinyemi, K. O.

doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532744

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2023.03.15.532744

First Molecular Detection of Influenza D virus in Cattle from Commercial farm in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa

Anjorin, A.-A. A.·Moronkeji, G. O.·Temenu, G. O.·Maiyegun, O. A.·Fakorede, C. O.·Ajoseh, S. O.·Salami, W. O.·Abegunrin, R. O.·Amisu, K. O.·Akinyemi, K. O.

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Abstract

Influenza D virus (IDV) was first reported in pigs in the USA, and since then the virus has become a public health issue. In Nigeria, no work has been done on IDV despite the manifestation of influenza-like illness in cattle. This study aimed at molecular surveillance of IDV in cattle in Lagos. Prospective epidemiological investigation was initiated in a large commercial farm market where animals in open pens are reared, sold, and butchered under poor hygienic conditions without adequate biosecurity measures. A total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected between October and November 2021. The samples were extracted using an RNA purification kit (NIMR). RNA extracts were amplified following a two-step PCR using FIREScript RT cDNA synthesis kit (Solis Biodyne, Estonia), followed by PCR OneTaq Quick-load 2x master-mix (NEB, UK) in a Rotor-Gene thermocycler (Qiagen, Germany). Amplicons were detected using a 1.5% Gel electrophoresis. IDV was detected in 26/80 (32.5%) cattle. Sick animals showed 65% (17/26) almost double burden of IDV higher than 34.6% (9/26) in a healthy population, including 88.2% (15/17) Cattle with diarrhoea and 11.8% (2/17) with nausea having IDV. Bull recorded more than twice, 18/26 (69.2%) incidence by gender compared to Cow. Age prevalence showed 62.23% (18/26) highest detection in cattle of 4 years old, followed by 23.07% (6/26) in 5 years old, while the lowest 7.69% (2/26) was recorded in 3 years old. This study showed the first molecular detection of IDV in Nigeria and West Africa sub-region to the best of our knowledge. It underscores the need for continuous surveillance of IDV at the animal-human interface.

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Anjorin, A.-A. A., Moronkeji, G. O., Temenu, G. O., Maiyegun, O. A., Fakorede, C. O., Ajoseh, S. O., Salami, W. O., Abegunrin, R. O., Amisu, K. O., Akinyemi, K. O.. 2023-03-15. First Molecular Detection of Influenza D virus in Cattle from Commercial farm in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.15.532744

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