The intracellular auxin homeostasis regulators PIN5 and PIN8 have a divergent membrane topology in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells.

Abstract

PIN proteins establish the auxin concentration gradient, which coordinates plant growth. PIN1-4 and 7 localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and facilitate polar auxin transport while the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized PIN5 and PIN8 maintain the intracellular auxin homeostasis. Although an antagonistic activity of PIN5 and PIN8 proteins in regulating the intracellular auxin homeostasis and other developmental events have been reported, how the two proteins which localize at the same intracellular compartment antagonize each other remains unclear. Combining immunolocalization, pH-dependent fluorescent quenching, and topology prediction programs, we mapped the membrane topology of PIN5 and PIN8 in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Our results indicate that, except for the similarities in the orientation of the N-terminus, PIN5 and PIN8 have an opposite orientation of the central hydrophilic loop and the C-terminus, as well as an unequal number of transmembrane domains (TMDs). PIN8 has ten TMDs with groups of five alpha-helices separated by the central hydrophilic loop (HL) residing in the ER lumen, and its N- and C-terminals are positioned in the cytoplasm. However, topology of PIN5 comprises nine TMDs. Its N-terminal end and the central HL face the cytoplasm while its C-terminus resides in the ER lumen. Overall, the divergent membrane topology of PIN5 and PIN8 provides a possible explanation for the mutually opposing activity of these intracellular auxin homeostasis regulators.