Depletion Assisted Hemin Affinity (DAsHA) Proteomics Reveals an Expanded Landscape of Heme Binding Proteins

Abstract

Heme b (iron protoporphyrin IX) plays important roles in biology as a metallocofactor and signaling molecule. However, the targets of heme signaling and the network of proteins that mediate the exchange of heme from sites of synthesis or uptake to heme dependent or regulated proteins are poorly understood. Herein, we describe a quantitative mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics strategy to identify exchange labile hemoproteins in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells that may be relevant to heme signaling and trafficking. The strategy involves depleting endogenous heme with the heme biosynthetic inhibitor succinylacetone (SA), leaving putative heme binding proteins in their apo-state, followed by the capture of those proteins using hemin-agarose resin and finally elution and identification by mass spectrometry. By identifying only those proteins that interact with high specificity to hemin-agarose relative to control beaded agarose in a SA-dependent manner, we have expanded the number of proteins and ontologies that may be involved in binding and buffering labile heme or are targets of heme signaling. Notably, these include proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, RNA splicing, cytoskeletal organization and vesicular trafficking, many of which have been associated with heme through complimentary studies published recently. Taken together, these results provide support for the emerging role for heme in an expanded set of cellular processes from genome integrity to protein trafficking and beyond.